Πνευματικά Δικαιώματα © 2006 Red Hat, Inc., Stuart Ellis, Paul W. Frields
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| Ιστορικό Αναθεωρήσεων | ||
|---|---|---|
| Αναθεώρηση 1.35.2 | 2007-01-28 | |
|
Διόρθωση Mac OS X οδηγών εγγραφής (#225051) | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.35.1 | 2006-12-18 | |
|
Διόρθωση URL (#220100) | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.35 | 2006-10-07 | |
|
Διορθώσεις σφαλμάτων, εκ των οποίων τα περισσότερα μικρής σημασίας | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.34 | 2006-08-27 | |
|
Κύρια αναδιοργάνωση για βελτιστοποίηση της ροής εργασίας | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.33 | 2006-08-20 | |
|
Προσθήκη πληροφοριών σε επιπρόσθετα εναποθετήρια και διάφορες διορθώσεις. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.32 | 2006-04-30 | |
|
Διόρθωση οδηγιών μέσων USB προς χρήση του dmesg. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.31 | 2006-04-30 | |
|
Βελτίωση πληροφοριών LVM και κατάτμησης δίσκου. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.30 | 2006-04-30 | |
|
Διόρθωση τμήματος για μορφοποίηση μέσων USB. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.29 | 2006-04-30 | |
|
Σημείωση: τα εργαλεία προγραμμάτων της Fedora απαιτούν πρόσβαση στο δίκτυο. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.28.1 | 2006-04-05 | |
|
Παρέχονται επιπρόσθετες πληροφορίες εγγραφής CD | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.28 | 2006-04-04 | |
|
Διορθώθηκαν σύνδεσμοι στιγμιότυπων οθόνης για την κάρτα ήχου. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.27 | 2006-03-29 | |
|
Τμήμα επανεργοποίησης κάρτας ήχου. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.26 | 2006-03-14 | |
|
Διαγραφή παρωχημένης προειδοποίησης. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.25 | 2006-03-12 | |
|
Αναβαθμίστηκε για προσαρμογή στο Rawhide. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.24 | 2006-03-04 | |
|
Αναβάθμιση τμήματος εκκίνησης συστήματος. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.23 | 2006-03-03 | |
|
Μερισμός των επιλογών εκκίνησης σε περισσότερα ευδιάκριτα τμήματα. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.22 | 2006-03-01 | |
|
Προστέθηκε υλικό Xen. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.21 | 2006-02-10 | |
|
Ανανέωση Εκκίνησης Συστήματος. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.20 | 2006-02-10 | |
|
Αλλαγές στιγμιότυπων οθόνης. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.19 | 2006-02-10 | |
|
Ανανεωμένα στιγμιότυπα οθόνης. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.18 | 2006-02-09 | |
|
Προστέθηκε η εργασία επιλογής οθόνης. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.17 | 2006-02-02 | |
|
Προσθήκη τμήματος περί απομακρυσμένης καταγραφής. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.16 | 2006-01-29 | |
|
Ευρετήριο ανανεώθηκε. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.15 | 2006-01-26 | |
|
Ανανέωση στιγμιότυπου Επιλογής Πακέτων για τη δοκιμή 2. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.14 | 2006-01-23 | |
|
Ανανεώθηκε για τη FC5 test2. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.13 | 2006-01-16 | |
|
Προσθήκη πληροφοριών περί οδηγών δίσκων. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.12 | 2006-01-11 | |
|
Μικρές διορθώσεις στις Επιλογές Εκκίνησης. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.11 | 2006-01-09 | |
|
Επέκταση του τμήματος Τεχνικών Αναφορών. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.1 | 2005-12-22 | |
|
Τμήμα διόρθωσης Επιλογών Διαχείρησης. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.0.9 | 2005-12-22 | |
|
Ανανεώθηκε το τμήμα Διαχείρησης Επιλογών. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.0.8 | 2005-12-14 | |
|
Προσθήκη τμήματος Τεχνικών Αναφορών. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.0.7 | 2005-12-12 | |
|
Προσθήκη του τμήματος Διαχείρησης Επιλογών. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.0.6 | 2005-12-10 | |
|
Ανανεώθηκαν τμήματα περί μεθόδων εγκατάστασης. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.0.5 | 2005-12-08 | |
|
Ανανέωση τμήματος κατάτμησης. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.0.4 | 2005-12-06 | |
|
Προσθήκη υλικού περί ανανέωσης της νέας εγκατάστασης. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.0.3 | 2005-12-04 | |
|
Αναδιοργάνωση για προσαρμογή στιγμιότυπα οθόνης του anaconda. | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.0.2 | 2005-11-25 | |
|
Επιπρόσθετη αναδιοργάνωση για ευκρίνεια. Πληροφορίες για το τμήμα δίσκου /home | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.0.1rc1 | 2005-11-20 | |
|
Αναδιοργάνωση εισαγωγικού υλικού | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.0 | 2005-06-10 | |
|
Έκδοση κυκλοφορίας | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 1.0rc1 | 2005-06-08 | |
|
Επεξεργασία δημοσίευσης και δήλωση υποψήφιας κυκλοφορίας | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 0.7 | 2005-05-15 | |
|
Επιπρόσθετη μορφή επεξεργασίας και ευρετηρίου | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 0.6.3 | 2005-05-10 | |
|
Μορφή επεξεργασίας, αφαιρέθηκε "επόμενα βήματα" από το χτίσιμο | ||
| Αναθεώρηση 0.6.2 | 2005-04-30 | |
|
Πρώτη εναπόθεση στο CVS, μαζί με μικρή επεξεργασία σε γονικά αρχεία | ||
Πίνακας Περιεχομένων
- Εισαγωγή
- 1. Παρασκήνιο
- 2. Understanding i386 and Other Computer Architectures
- 3. Πριν την έναρξη
- 4. Προετοιμασία Μέσων
- 5. Εκκίνηση εγκατάστασης
- 6. Αναγνώριση τοπικών ρυθμίσεων
- 7. Μέθοδοι εγκατάστασης
- 8. Διάλογος καλωσορίσματος
- 9. Αναβάθμιση ήδη εγκατεστημένου συστήματος
- 10. Disk Partitioning
- 11. Boot Loader
- 12. Network Configuration
- 13. Time Zone Selection
- 14. Set the Root Password
- 15. Επιλογή Λογισμικού
- 16. About to Install
- 17. Installing Packages
- 18. First Boot
- 19. Your Next Steps
- A. Boot Options
- B. Other Technical Documentation
- Ευρετήριο
Κατάλογος Σχημάτων
- 5.1. Boot Screen
- 5.2. Media Test Screen
- 5.3. Media Check Result
- 5.4. Next Disc Screen
- 6.1. Language Selection Screen
- 6.2. Keyboard Configuration Screen
- 7.1. Στιγμιότυπο οθόνης μεθόδου εγκατάστασης
- 7.2. Select Partition Screen
- 7.3. Configure TCP/IP Dialog
- 7.4. NFS Setup Dialog
- 7.5. FTP Setup Dialog
- 7.6. Non-anonymous FTP Account Dialog
- 7.7. HTTP Setup Dialog
- 8.1. Στιγμιότυπο καλωσορίσματος
- 9.1. Upgrade Examine Screen
- 9.2. Upgrade Bootloader Screen
- 10.1. Partitioning Options Screen
- 10.2. Στιγμιότυπο εγκατάστασης δίσκου
- 11.1. Boot Loader Configuration Screen
- 11.2. Adding Operating Systems to the Boot Menu
- 11.3. Advanced Boot Options
- 12.1. Network Configuration Screen
- 13.1. Time Zone Selection Screen
- 14.1. Set Root Password Screen
- 15.1. Εργασία επιλογής οθόνης
- 15.2. Add Repository Screen
- 15.3. Package Group Selection Screen
- 15.4. Package Group Details Dialog
- 16.1. About to Install Screen
- 17.1. Στιγμιότυπο οθόνης εγκατάστασης προγραμμάτων
- 18.1. Στιγμιότυπο καλωσορίσματος
- 18.2. Στιγμιότυπο οθόνης άδειας χρήσης
- 18.3. Firewall Screen
- 18.4. SELinux Screen
- 18.5. Date and Time Screen, Local Clock
- 18.6. Date and Time Screen, Network Time
- 18.7. System User Screen
- 18.8. Sound Card Screen
Κατάλογος Πινάκων
- A.1. Μέθοδοι εγκατάστασης
- A.2. Πόροι Kickstart
- A.3. Driver Disk Image Sources
- A.4. Hardware Options
Fedora Core is a complete desktop and server operating system created entirely with open source software.
![[Προσοχή]](./stylesheet-images/caution.png) |
Fedora Core Lifecycle |
|---|---|
Fedora Core is a rapidly evolving system which follows the latest technical developments. Fedora Core may not be appropriate for use in business-critical applications in your organization. |
For complete access to information about Fedora Core, refer to the official project wiki at http://fedoraproject.org/ and Κεφάλαιο 19, Your Next Steps.
This manual helps you install Fedora Core on desktops, laptops and servers. The installation system is flexible enough to use even if you have no previous knowledge of Linux or computer networks. If you select default options, Fedora Core provides a complete desktop operating system, including productivity applications, Internet utilities, and desktop tools.
This document does not detail all of the features of the installation system.
![[Υπόδειξη]](./stylesheet-images/tip.png) |
Αναφορά σφαλμάτων τεκμηρίωσης |
|---|---|
|
To report an error or omission in this document, file a bug report in Bugzilla
at http://bugzilla.redhat.com. When you file your bug, select "Fedora Documentation" as the
Οι συντηρητές του παρόντος εγγράφου θα λάβουν αυτόματα την αναφορά σφάλματος. Εκ μέρους ολόκληρης της κοινότητας Fedora, σας ευχαριστούμε για τη βοήθειά σας με την οποία μπορούμε να κάνουμε βελτιώσεις. |
The Fedora Project, which produces and maintains Fedora Core, is a collaboration between Red Hat Inc. and the free and open source software (FOSS) community. The Fedora Project also provides Fedora Extras, additional software packaged for installation on a Fedora Core system.
Για περισσότερες πληροφορίες σχετικά με το Έργο Fedora, παρακαλώ επισκεφτείτε http://fedora.redhat.com/. Ανατρέξτε στο http://www.opensource.org/ και http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html για περισσότερες πληροφορίες σχετικά με το ανοιχτό λογισμικό.
The Fedora Project provides distributions of Fedora Core for several different types of computer systems. Each distribution of Fedora Core is built for computers based on a specific architecture. The architecture describes the processor on which the computer is built. Most computers come with identifying marks and literature describing the processor inside the computer. Refer to your computer's marks or literature and find its architecture in the list below:
- i386
Intel x86-compatible processors, including Intel Pentium and Pentium-MMX, Pentium Pro, Pentium-II, Pentium-III, Celeron, Pentium 4, Xeon, Core Duo, and Centrino/Centrino Duo; VIA C3/C3-m and Eden/Eden-N; and AMD Athlon, AthlonXP, Duron, AthlonMP, Sempron, and Turion
- ppc
PowerPC processors, such as those found in Apple Power Macintosh, G3, G4, and G5, and IBM pSeries systems
- x86_64
64-bit AMD επεξεργαστές όπως οι Athlon64/FX/X2, Turion64, Opteron. Intel 64-bit επεξεργαστές όπως ο EM64T
Before you install Fedora Core, you need access to:
μέσα εκκίνησης ή εγκατάστασης (ανατρέξτε στο Κεφάλαιο 4, Προετοιμασία Μέσων για περισσότερες πληροφορίες)
πληροφορίες περί διαμόρφωσης δικτύου
a copy of this Installation Guide and the Release Notes for this version of Fedora Core
The Release Notes specify the hardware requirements for Fedora Core 6. They also provide advice on any known problems with particular hardware and software configurations.
The Release Notes are available on the first disc in HTML and plain text format. The latest versions of this Installation Guide and the Release Notes are available at http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/.
A Fedora system requires a minimum of 700 MB storage for a command-line system. A desktop system with the default applications requires at least 3 GB of storage. You may install multiple copies of Fedora on the same computer.
Configure any RAID functions provided by the mainboard of your computer, or attached controller cards, before you begin the installation process. Fedora can automatically detect many RAID devices and use any storage they provide.
By default, Fedora Core systems attempt to discover correct connection settings for the attached network using Dynamic Host Control Protocol, or DHCP. Your network may include a DHCP provider which delivers settings to other systems on demand. The DHCP provider may be a router or wireless access point for the network, or a server.
Σε κάποιες περιστάσεις μπορεί να χρειαστεί να παρέχετε πληροφορίες σχετικά με το δίκτυό σας κατά τη διάρκεια της διαδικασίας εγκατάστασης. Ανατρέξτε στο Τμήμα 3.3, “Installing from a Server or Web Site” και Τμήμα 3.4, “Installing Fedora Core on a Managed Network” για περισσότερες πληροφορίες.
![[Σημείωση]](./stylesheet-images/note.png) |
Modem Configuration |
|---|---|
The installation system for Fedora Core does not configure modems. If your computer has a modem, configure the dialing settings after you complete the installation and reboot. |
You may install Fedora Core using a mirror, a Web site or network server that provide a copy of the necessary files. To use a mirror, you need to know:
το όνομα του διακομιστή
the network protocol used for installation (FTP, HTTP, or NFS)
the path to the installation files on the server
You may install Fedora Core from your own private mirror, or use one of the public mirrors maintained by members of the community. To ensure that the connection is as fast and reliable as possible, use a server that is close to your own geographical location.
The Fedora Project maintains a list of HTTP and FTP public mirrors, sorted by
region, at http://fedora.redhat.com/download/mirrors.html.
To determine the complete directory path for the installation files, add
/6/
to the path shown on the web page. If your computer uses the
architecture/os/ppc architecture, for instance, add /6/ppc/os/ to the path shown.
|
Χτίσιμο ατομικού ειδώλου |
|---|---|
Refer to http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/mirror/ for information on how to create your own Fedora mirror for either public or private use. |
To use a mirror, boot your computer with Fedora boot media, and follow the instructions in Κεφάλαιο 7, Μέθοδοι εγκατάστασης. Refer to Κεφάλαιο 4, Προετοιμασία Μέσων for more information on creating the boot media.
|
Using the Installation Discs |
|---|---|
If you boot your computer with either an installation DVD, or the first
installation CD, enter |
If your network includes a server, you may also use PXE (Pre-boot eXecution Environment) to boot your computer. PXE (also referred to as netboot) is a standard that enables PCs to use files on a server as a boot device. Fedora Core includes utilities that allow it to function as a PXE server for other computers. You can use this option to install Fedora Core on a PXE-enabled computer entirely over the network connection, using no physical media at all.
Some corporate networks include a directory service that manages user accounts for the organization. Fedora Core systems can join a Kerberos, NIS, Hesiod, or Microsoft® Windows® domain as part of the installation process. Fedora Core can also use LDAP directories.
|
Consult Network Administrators |
|---|---|
Always consult the administrators before you install a Fedora Core system on an existing network owned by someone besides yourself. They can provide correct network and authentication settings, and guidance on specific organizational policies and requirements. |
To install Fedora Core from discs, you need five installation CDs, or the installation DVD. There are separate disc sets for each supported architecture.
For instructions to download and prepare this CD or DVD installation media, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Distribution/Download. If you already have the full set of Fedora Core installation media, skip to Τμήμα 5.1, “Εκκίνηση από CD, DVD, ή μέσα USB ”.
![[Σημαντικό]](./stylesheet-images/important.png) |
Διανομές βασιζόμενες σε συγκεκριμένες αρχιτεκτονικές |
|---|---|
To install Fedora Core, you must use the boot and installation media that is particular to your architecture. Refer to Κεφάλαιο 2, Understanding i386 and Other Computer Architectures for information on hardware architectures and how to determine the right one for your computer. |
You may use the first CD or DVD installation disc from the complete Fedora Core distribution to boot your computer. The Fedora Core distribution also includes image files for boot-only CD or DVD media and USB media. You can convert these files into bootable media using standard Linux utilities or third-party programs on other operating systems.
You may boot your computer with boot-only media, and load the installation system from another source to continue the process. The types of installation source for Fedora include:
Δίσκοι εγκατάστασης για CD ή DVD
σκληρός δίσκος, είτε συνδεδεμένος σε θύρα USB, είτε εσωτερικός στον υπολογιστή
network installation server, using either HTTP, FTP, or NFS
You can use this facility to install Fedora Core on machines without using installation discs. For example, you may install Fedora Core on a laptop with no CD or DVD drive by booting the machine with a USB pen drive, and then using a hard drive as an installation source.
Τα υποστηριζόμενα μέσα εκκίνησης για τη Fedora περιλαμβάνουν:
CD ή DVD μέσα (δίσκος εγκατάστασης #1 ή ειδικός δίσκος boot-only)
Μέσα USB
διεπαφή δικτύου (μέσω PXE)
|
Εγκατάσταση από δισκέττες |
|---|---|
There is no option to either boot or install Fedora Core from diskettes. |
The images/boot.iso file on the first Fedora Core
installation disc is a boot image designed for CD and DVD media. This file
also appears on FTP and Web sites providing Fedora Core. You can also find this
file on mirror sites in the Fedora Core distribution directory for your
particular architecture.
The Fedora Core distribution is also downloadable as a set of CD-sized ISO image files or a single DVD-sized ISO image file. You can record these files to CD or DVD using a CD or DVD burning program on your current operating system:
- Λειτουργικά σύστηματα Windows
Εγγράψτε μία εικόνα ISO στο δίσκο χρησιμοποιώντας το εγκατεστεστημένο λογισμικό εγγραφής CD ή DVD. Τα περισσότερα λογισμικά εγγραφής έχουν μία επιλογή με τίτλο Εγγραφή αρχείου εικόνας στο δίσκο ή Δημιουργία δίσκου από εικόνα ISO. Εάν το λογισμικό παρέχει επιλογή στον τύπο εικόνας, επιλέξτε "ISO image" ως τύπο αρχείου. Εάν διάφοροι τύποι εικόνας ISO είναι διαθέσιμοι, κάνετε την πλησιέστερη επιλογή στο "Mode 1, 2048-byte blocks."
- Apple Mac OS X
Open the Disk Utility application, found in the
/Applications/Utilitiesfolder. Select → and select the ISO image. From the list of volumes, select the item representing the ISO image. Select and follow the instructions.- Λειτουργικά συστήματα Linux
-
If you are using a recent version of the GNOME desktop environment, right-click the ISO image file and choose Write to disc. If you are using a recent version of the KDE desktop environment, use K3B and select → , or → if appropriate. The following command line works for many other environments:
cdrecord --device=συσκευή εγγραφής cd-tao -ejectimage-file.iso
|
System-Specific Instructions |
|---|---|
Unfortunately this guide cannot offer specific instructions for every possible combination of hardware and software. You can find more information at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Drafts/BurningDiscs. Consult your operating system's documentation and online support services, and Τμήμα 19.3, “Finding Documentation and Support” for additional help if needed. |
![[Προειδοποίηση]](./stylesheet-images/warning.png) |
Απώλεια δεδομένων |
|---|---|
This procedure destroys data on the media. Back up any important information before you begin. Some models of USB media use additional partitions or software to provide functions such as encryption. This procedure may make it difficult or impossible to access these special areas on your boot media. |
The images/diskboot.img file on the first Fedora Core
installation disc is a boot image designed for USB media. This file also
appears on FTP and Web sites providing Fedora Core.
Several software utilities are available for Windows and Linux that can write image files to a device. Linux includes the dd command for this purpose.
The dd utility requires you to specify the
device file that corresponds to the physical media. The name of
the device file matches the name assigned to the device by your
system. All device files appear in the directory
/dev/. For example,
/dev/sda denotes the first USB, SATA, or SCSI
device that is attached to the system.
To learn the name that your system assigns to the media:
Open a terminal window. On a Fedora system, choose → → to start a terminal.
Συνδέστε ή εισάγετε το μέσο.
-
Στο παράθυρο τερματικού, πληκτολογείστε την παρακάτω εντολή:
dmesgLook for the items in the dmesg output that relate to the detection of a new SCSI device. Linux systems treat USB media as SCSI devices.
Using the Device Mapper On Fedora Core 5 and later systems, it may be easier to find the right device name by examining the
/dev/disk/directory. Use the command ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/ to see the disk devices collated by model and device name. -
Unmount the media. On a Fedora system, right-click the icon that corresponds to the media, and select . Alternatively, enter this command in a terminal window:
umount /dev/<device>Αντικαταστείστε
<device>με το όνομα του σωστού αρχείου συσκευής για τα μέσα.
To write an image file to boot media with dd on a current version of Fedora Core, carry out the following steps:
Εντοπίστε το αρχείο εικόνας.
Συνδέστε ή εισάγετε το μέσο.
Your system may automatically detect and open the media. If that happens, close or unmount the media before continuing.
Ανοίξτε ένα τερματικό παράθυρο.
-
Στο παράθυρο τερματικού, πληκτολογείστε την παρακάτω εντολή:
dd if=diskboot.img of=/dev/<device>Αντικαταστείστε
<device>με το όνομα του σωστού αρχείου συσκευής για τα μέσα.
To begin installation of Fedora Core, boot the computer from the bootable media. The bootable media provides the necessary programs and files to start the installation program. Once you start the installation program, you may be able to install from a completely different piece of media. For more information on finding and creating bootable media, refer to Κεφάλαιο 4, Προετοιμασία Μέσων.
If you boot from the first installation disc of the Fedora Core
distribution, you may choose a different source for installation.
The default source is the CDs themselves. To change this behavior,
enter linux askmethod at the
boot: prompt. If you boot from
other media, the installation program always
asks you to choose the installation source.
The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) on your computer must support the type of boot media you select. The BIOS controls access to some hardware devices during boot time. Any computer that meets the minimum recommended specification for Fedora Core can boot from a CD or DVD drive with the first disc. USB drives and flash media are newer technologies, but many computers can use them as boot media. Some network cards and chipsets include support for network booting with PXE. PXE (pronounced "pixie") allows a computer to load boot files from a network server instead of directly-connected hardware.
If you are not sure what capabilities your computer has, or how to configure the BIOS, consult the documentation provided by the manufacturer. Detailed information on hardware specifications and configuration is beyond the scope of this document.
|
Εγκατάλειψη εγκατάστασης |
|---|---|
To abort the installation process at any time before the Installing Packages screen, either press Ctrl-Alt-Del or power off the computer with the power switch. Fedora makes no changes to your computer until package installation begins. |
Για την εκκίνηση του υπολογιστή σας:
Switch on the computer.
Εισάγετε τον πρώτο δίσκο μέσα στον οδηγό CD ή DVD, ή συνδέστε το μέσο USB.
Εμφανίζεται μία οθόνη εκκίνησης, με μία ένδειξη
boot:στο κάτω μέρος.
|
BIOS Boot Order |
|---|---|
The BIOS contains settings that control the order of boot devices. If your PC boots from a device other than the Fedora Core boot media, check the BIOS boot configuration. |
If you hit Enter, the installation runs in
default mode. In the default mode, the installation uses a
graphical interface if possible. If the installation program runs
from the Fedora Core installation CD or DVD media, in default mode it
uses these media as the installation source. To change the
installation mode, at the boot: prompt, type
linux followed by one or more of the
following options:
Για μία εγκατάσταση από το σκληρό δίσκο ή το διακομιστή δικτύου, προσθέστε την οδηγία
askmethod.Για χρήση διεπαφής κειμένου, χρησιμοποιείστε την οδηγία
text.To retry installation because the installation aborted at an early stage, add the directive
acpi=off. ACPI is responsible for many kinds of installation errors. If you turn ACPI off, you may be able to overcome some of these errors.
Refer to the Release Notes for additional options that may help if you encounter problems with the installation program. A current copy of the Release Notes is always available at http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/.
Όταν εισάγετε μία εντολή στην ένδειξη boot:, ξεκινάει το πρώτο στάδιο του προγράμματος εγκατάστασης.
Select to test the disc, or select to proceed with the installation without testing the disc.
|
Testing Discs |
|---|---|
Test any discs which you have not previously tested. A disc error during the installation process may force you to restart the entire procedure. |
Με τον τερματισμό της δοκιμής του πρώτου δίσκου, θα εμφανιστεί μία νέα οθόνη παρουσιάζοντας το αποτέλεσμα:
Select . The following screen appears:
Select to test the next disc in the set, or to proceed with the installation.
After you test your discs and select , or if you choose to skip testing, the main graphical installation program loads.
|
BIOS Boot Order |
|---|---|
The BIOS contains settings that control the order of boot devices. If your PC boots from a device other than the Fedora Core boot media, check the BIOS boot configuration. |
To boot with PXE, you need a properly configured server, and a network interface in your computer that supports PXE.
Configure the computer to boot from the network interface. This
option is in the BIOS, and may be labeled Network
Boot or Boot Services. Once you
properly configure PXE booting, the computer can boot the Fedora
installation system without any other media.
Για την εκκίνηση υπολογιστή από διακομιστή PXE:
Ensure that the network cable is attached. The link indicator light on the network socket should be lit, even if the computer is not switched on.
Switch on the computer.
Παρουσιάζεται μία οθόνη καταλόγου. Πιέστε τον αριθμό-κλειδί που αντιστοιχεί στην επιθυμητή επιλογή.
|
Αντιμετώπιση προβλημάτων PXE |
|---|---|
If your PC does not boot from the netboot server, ensure that the BIOS is configured to boot first from the correct network interface. Some BIOS systems specify the network interface as a possible boot device, but do not support the PXE standard. Refer to your hardware documentation for more information. |
If the installation system fails to identify the display hardware on your computer, it displays text screens rather than the default graphical interface. The text screens provide the same functions as the standard screens. Later in the installation process you can manually specify your display hardware.
Το πρόγραμμα εγκατάστασης εμφανίζει μία λίστα από γλώσσες που υποστηρίζονται από τη Fedora.
Highlight the correct language on the list and select .
|
Installing Support For Additional Languages |
|---|---|
Για να λάβετε υποστήριξη σε επιπρόσθετες γλώσσες, εφαρμόστε εξατομίκευση εγκατάστασης στο στάδιο επιλογής πακέτων. Για περισσότερες πληροφορίες, ανατρέξτε στο Τμήμα 15.2.2, “Additional Language Support”. |
You can install Fedora Core using any of several different methods. You can install from CD or DVD media burned from downloaded ISO images, from the ISO images stored on hard disk, or from a network using NFS, FTP, or HTTP methods.
If you booted a Fedora Core DVD, or the first installation CD, without the
askmethod option, proceed to Τμήμα 7.1, “Default Installation Method”. Otherwise, proceed to Τμήμα 7.2, “Εναλλακτικές μέθοδοι εγκατάστασης”.
A default installation runs directly from CD or DVD installation media. The next stage loads automatically from the installation media. Proceed to Κεφάλαιο 8, Διάλογος καλωσορίσματος.
Το στιγμιότυπο οθόνης της μεθόδου εγκατάστασης παρακάτω εμφανίζεται εάν ένα από τα παρακάτω αληθεύει:
Ξεκινήσατε την εγκατάσταση με boot-only PXE, USB, CD, ή DVD media.
Πραγματοποιήθηκε εισαγωγή της επιλογής
askmethodστηboot:γραμμή εκτέλεσης εντολών.
|
Δραστηριότητα CD/DVD |
|---|---|
If you booted with Fedora Core installation Disc 1, the installation program loads its next stage from that disc. This happens regardless of which installation method you choose, unless you eject the disc before you proceed. The installation program still downloads package data from the source you choose. |
Even if you booted from alternative media, you can still install Fedora Core from CD or DVD media. Alternately, you can install from ISO images stored on your computer's hard disk, or from a network server.
To install from CD or DVD media, insert a Fedora Core DVD or the first installation CD, select Local CDROM, and proceed to Κεφάλαιο 8, Διάλογος καλωσορίσματος.
To install from ISO images on a hard disk, select Hard drive and proceed to Τμήμα 7.3, “Installation from a Hard Drive”.
To install from a network, using NFS, FTP, or HTTP, proceed to Τμήμα 7.4, “Installation TCP/IP Configuration”.
Once you have booted your computer, you may use ISO image files of the Fedora discs to continue the installation process. The ISO files must be located on a hard drive that is either internal to the computer, or attached to the machine by USB. You can use this option to install Fedora Core on computers that have neither a network connection nor CD or DVD drives.
The partition on the hard drive holding the ISO files must be
formatted with the
ext2,
ext3 or
vfat file system. In Fedora,
vfat includes a range
of file systems, such as FAT-16 and FAT-32, found on most
removable media. External hard drives usually contain vfat (FAT-32) file systems. Some
Microsoft Windows systems also use vfat file systems on internal
hard disk partitions.
Before you begin installation from a hard drive, check the partition type to ensure that Fedora can read it. To check a partition's file system under Windows, use the Disk Management tool. To check a partition's file system under Linux, use the fdisk utility.
|
Cannot Install from LVM Partitions |
|---|---|
You cannot use ISO files on partitions controlled by LVM (Logical Volume Management). |
Εάν διαλέξετε αυτήν την επιλογή, εμφανίζεται η παρακάτω οθόνη:
Select the partition containing the ISO files from the list of
available partitions. Internal IDE drive device names begin with
/dev/hd. SATA, SCSI, and USB drive device
names begin with /dev/sd. Each individual
drive has its own letter, for example
/dev/hda. Each partition on a drive is
numbered, for example /dev/sda1.
Also specify the Directory holding images. Enter the full directory path from the drive that contains the ISO image files.
Select to continue. Proceed with Κεφάλαιο 8, Διάλογος καλωσορίσματος.
The installation program is network-aware and can use network settings for a number of functions. For instance, you can install Fedora Core from a network server using FTP, HTTP, or NFS protocols. You can also instruct the installation program to consult additional software repositories later in the process.
By default, the installation program uses DHCP to automatically provide network settings. If you use a cable or DSL modem, router, firewall, or other network hardware to communicate with the Internet, DHCP is a suitable option. In a business environment, consult with your network administrators for appropriate settings. If your network has no DHCP server, clear the check box labeled Use dynamic IP configuration (DHCP).
The installation program supports both IPv4 and IPv6. If you are not sure which addressing scheme your network uses, it is safe to leave both options selected.
|
DHCP Responses Take Time |
|---|---|
If you select both IPv4 and IPv6 options, it may take additional time to receive network settings from the DHCP server. |
Εάν επιλέξετε μία εγκατάσταση βάσει δικτύου, θα εμφανιστεί η επόμενη οθόνη:
Αυτές οι ρυθμίσεις εφαρμόζονται μόνο κατά τη διάρκεια εγκατάστασης. Το πρόγραμμα εγκατάστασης σας επιτρέπει να ρυθμίσετε την τελική διαμόρφωση του δικτύου αργότερα.
You can install from a Web, FTP, or NFS server either on your local network or, if you are connected, on the Internet. To use a public server, or mirror website, refer to Τμήμα 3.3, “Installing from a Server or Web Site” for information on valid server names and directory paths.
|
Λήψη μεγάλων αρχείων |
|---|---|
If you are not booting from a Fedora Core DVD or installation CD, a network installation downloads the main installation program from the network. The graphical installation program is over 75 MB in size. |
If you are installing via NFS, proceed to Τμήμα 7.5, “NFS Installation Setup”.
If you are installing via FTP, proceed to Τμήμα 7.6, “ FTP Installation Setup”.
If you are installing via HTTP, proceed to Τμήμα 7.7, “HTTP Installation Setup”.
To install from a NFS server, select NFS from the Installation Method menu and select OK. The following screen appears:
Enter the name or IP address of the NFS server and the directory where the installation files reside.
|
NFS Mirror Availability |
|---|---|
Public NFS mirrors are rare due to security concerns with NFS that do not necessarily apply to FTP or HTTP servers. The Fedora Project does not maintain a list of public NFS mirrors for Fedora Core. |
Select OK to continue. Proceed with Κεφάλαιο 8, Διάλογος καλωσορίσματος.
To install from a FTP server, select FTP from the Installation Method menu and select OK. The following screen appears:
Enter the name or IP address of the FTP server and the directory where the installation files reside. Refer to Τμήμα 3.3, “Installing from a Server or Web Site” for information on how to locate a FTP mirror and enter its information here.
The FTP service setup dialog also has a Use non-anonymous ftp option. If your FTP server does not provide anonymous access, select this check box. You must have an account on the FTP server to use this option.
Select to continue. If you are using the default, anonymous FTP service, continue with Κεφάλαιο 8, Διάλογος καλωσορίσματος.
If you are using a non-anonymous FTP login, the following dialog appears:
Enter your username and password in the spaces provided. Then select OK to continue. Proceed with Κεφάλαιο 8, Διάλογος καλωσορίσματος.
To install from a Web (HTTP) server, select HTTP from the Installation Method menu and select OK. The following screen appears:
Enter the name or IP address of the Web server and the directory where the installation files reside. Refer to Τμήμα 3.3, “Installing from a Server or Web Site” for information on how to locate a Web mirror and enter its information here.
Select OK to continue. Proceed with Κεφάλαιο 8, Διάλογος καλωσορίσματος.
Αφού το πρόγραμμα εγκατάστασης φορτώσει το επόμενο στάδιο, εμφανίζεται ο παρακάτω διάλογος:
|
Στιγμιότυπα οθόνης εγκατάστασης μπορεί να διαφέρουν |
|---|---|
|
Το πρόγραμμα εγκατάστασης μπορεί να συνεχίσει σε λειτουργία κειμένου εάν:
Τα στιγμιότυπα οθόνης που παρουσιάζονται στα επόμενα κεφάλαια βασίζονται στην προκαθορισμένη γραφική εγκατάσταση. Παρόλα αυτά, οι περισσότερες λειτουργίες είναι παρόμοιες ανεξάρτητα από τον τρόπο εγκατάστασης. |
Επιλέξτε Επόμενο για να συνεχίσετε.
The installation system automatically detects any existing installation of Fedora Core. The upgrade process updates the existing system software with new versions, but does not remove any data from users' home directories. The existing partition structure on your hard drives does not change. Your system configuration changes only if a package upgrade demands it. Most package upgrades do not change system configuration, but rather install an additional configuration file for you to examine later.
Εάν το σύστημά σας περιέχει μία εγκατάσταση Fedora Core ή Red Hat Linux, θα συναντήσετε τα ακόλουθα στιγμιότυπα οθόνης:
Για να πραγματοποιηθεί μία αναβάθμιση σε ένα ήδη εγκατεστημένο σύστημα, επιλέξτε την κατάλληλη μέθοδο εγκατάστασης από τον κυλιόμενο κατάλογο και πιέστε .
|
Χειρωνακτική εγκατάσταση λογισμικού |
|---|---|
Software which you have installed manually on your existing Fedora Core or Red Hat Linux system may behave differently after an upgrade. You may need to manually recompile this software after an upgrade to ensure it performs correctly on the updated system. |
Your completed Fedora Core installation must be registered in the boot loader to boot properly. A boot loader is software on your machine that locates and starts the operating system. Refer to Κεφάλαιο 11, Boot Loader for more information about boot loaders.
If the existing boot loader was installed by a Linux distribution, the installation system can modify it to load the new Fedora Core system. To update the existing Linux boot loader, select Update boot loader configuration. This is the default behavior when you upgrade an existing Fedora Core or Red Hat Linux installation.
GRUB is the standard boot loader for Fedora. If your machine uses another boot loader, such as BootMagic™, System Commander™, or the loader installed by Microsoft Windows, then the Fedora installation system cannot update it. In this case, select Skip boot loader updating. When the installation process completes, refer to the documentation for your product for assistance.
Install a new boot loader as part of an upgrade process only if you are certain you want to replace the existing boot loader. If you install a new boot loader, you may not be able to boot other operating systems on the same machine until you have configured the new boot loader. Select Create new boot loader configuration to remove the existing boot loader and install GRUB.
After you make your selection, click to continue.
Fedora Core creates and uses several partitions on the available hard drives. You may customize both the partitions, and how the drives on your system are managed. Τμήμα 10.1, “General Information on Partitions” explains drive partitions in more detail.
On systems with more than one hard drive you may configure Fedora Core to operate several of the drives as a Linux RAID array without requiring any additional hardware. Linux software RAID arrays are explained in Τμήμα 10.2, “Disk Druid”.
|
Αλλαγή απόφασης |
|---|---|
The installation process makes no changes to your system until package installation begins. You may use to return to previous screens and change your selections at any time. |
The box on the screen lists the available drives. By default, the installation process may affect all of the drives on your computer. To ensure that specific drives are not repartitioned, clear the check box next to those drives on this list.
The installation process erases any existing Linux partitions on the selected drives, and replaces them with the default set of partitions for Fedora Core. All other types of partitions remain unchanged. For example, partitions used by Microsoft Windows, and system recovery partitions created by the computer manufacturer, are both left intact. You may choose an alternative from the drop-down list:
- Remove all partitions on selected drives and create default layout
Avoid this option, unless you wish to erase all of the existing operating systems and data on the selected drives.
- Remove linux partitions on selected drives and create default layout
If the selected drives have any Linux partitions, this option removes them and installs Fedora Core into the resulting free space. This option does not modify partitions assigned to other non-Linux operating systems. It does not discriminate, however, between partitions assigned to different Linux distributions, and will remove all of them.
- Use free space on selected drives and create default layout
If the selected drives have free space that has not been assigned to a partition, this option installs Fedora Core into the free space. This option ensures that no existing partition is modified by the installation process.
- Δημιουργία προσαρμοσμένης διάταξης.
You manually specify the partitioning on the selected drives. The next screen enables you to configure the drives and partitions for your computer. If you choose this option, Fedora Core creates no partitions by default.
Select Review and modify partitioning layout to customize the set of partitions that Fedora Core creates, to configure your system to use drives in RAID arrays, or to modify the boot options for your computer. If you choose one of the alternative partitioning options, this is automatically selected.
Use the Advanced storage options option if:
You want to install Fedora Core to a drive connected through the iSCSI protocol. Select Advanced storage options, then select Add iSCSI target, then select Add drive. Provide an IP address and the iSCSI initiator name, and select Add drive.
Θέλετε να απενεργοποιήσετε τη συσκευή dmraid που εντοπίστηκε κατά τη διάρκεια εκκίνησης.
Choose a partitioning option, and select to proceed.
|
The Next Screen |
|---|---|
The next screen is Network Devices, explained Κεφάλαιο 12, Network Configuration, unless you select an option to customize the partition layout. If you choose to either Create custom layout, or Review and modify partitioning layout, proceed to Τμήμα 10.1, “General Information on Partitions”. |
A Fedora Core system has at least three partitions:
A data partition mounted at
/bootA data partition mounted at
/A swap partition
Many systems have more partitions than the minimum listed above.
Choose partitions based on your particular system needs. For
example, consider creating a separate /home
partition on systems that store user data, for the reasons
explained in Τμήμα 10.1.3, “Creating a /home Partition”.
If you are not sure how best to configure the partitions for your computer, accept the default partition layout.
The RAM installed in your computer provides a pool of memory for running systems. Linux systems use swap partitions to expand this pool, by automatically moving portions of memory between RAM and swap partitions if insufficient RAM is available. In addition, certain power management features store all of the memory for a suspended system in the available swap partitions. If you manually specify the partitions on your system, create one swap partition that has more capacity than the computer RAM.
Data partitions provide storage for files. Each data partition has
a
mount point, to indicate the system
directory whose contents reside on that partition. A partition
with no mount point is not accessible by users. Data not located
on any other partition resides in the / (or
root) partition.
Στην ελάχιστη διαμόρφωση που παρουσιάζεται παραπάνω:
All data under the
/boot/directory resides on the/bootpartition. For example, the file/boot/grub/grub.confresides on the/bootpartition.Any file outside of the
/bootpartition, such as/etc/passwd, resides on the/partition.
Subdirectories may be assigned to partitions as well. Some
administrators create both /usr and
/usr/local partitions. In that case, files
under /usr/local, such as
/usr/local/bin/foo, are on the
/usr/local partition. Any other files in
/usr/, such as
/usr/bin/foo, are in the
/usr partition.
If you create many partitions instead of one large
/ partition, upgrades become easier. Refer to
the description of Disk Druid's
Edit option
for more information.
|
Leave Excess Capacity Unallocated |
|---|---|
Αναθέστε αποθηκευτικό χώρο σε τμήματα δίσκου που σας είναι μόνο άμεσα απαραίτητα. Μπορείτε να καθορίσετε ελεύθερο χώρο ανά πάσα στιγμή, για οποιαδήποτε ανάγκη σας παρουσιαστεί. |
Every partition has a
partition type, to indicate the format of
the
file system on that partition. The file
system enables Linux to organize, search, and retrieve files
stored on that partition. Use the
ext3
file system for data partitions that are not part of LVM, unless
you have specific needs that require another type of file
system.
LVM (Logical Volume Management) partitions provide a number of
advantages over standard partitions. LVM partitions are
formatted as
physical volumes. One or more physical
volumes are combined to form a
volume group. Each volume group's total
storage is then divided into one or more
logical volumes. The logical volumes
function much like standard partitions. They have a file system
type, such as
ext3, and a mount
point.
|
The /boot Partition and LVM |
|---|---|
Only an active Linux system may read or write to LVM volumes.
For this reason, the |
An administrator may grow or shrink logical volumes without destroying data, unlike standard disk partitions. If the physical volumes in a volume group are on separate drives or RAID arrays then administrators may also spread a logical volume across the storage devices.
You may lose data if you shrink a logical volume to a smaller capacity than the data on the volume requires. To ensure maximum flexibility, create logical volumes to meet your current needs, and leave excess storage capacity unallocated. You may safely grow logical volumes to use unallocated space, as your needs dictate.
|
LVM and the Default Partition Layout |
|---|---|
By default, the installation process creates data and swap
partitions within LVM volumes, with a separate
|
If you expect that you or other users will store data on the
system, create a separate partition for the
/home directory within a volume group. With
a separate /home partition, you may upgrade
or reinstall Fedora Core without erasing user data files. LVM provides
you with the ability to add more storage capacity for the user
data at a later time.
Disk Druid is an interactive program for editing disk partitions. Users run it only within the Fedora Core installation system. Disk Druid enables you to configure Linux software RAID and LVM to provide more extensible and reliable data storage.
|
Modifying the Default LVM Layout |
|---|---|
The default layout pools all of the available storage into a
single LVM physical volume, with one LVM logical volume for the
system. To make capacity available for additional partitions,
the logical volume with the mount
point |
Disk Druid displays the following actions in the installation program:
- New
-
Select this option to add a partition or LVM physical volume to the disk. In the Add partition dialog, choose a mount point and a partition type. If you have more than one disk on the system, choose which disks the partition may inhabit. Indicate a size in megabytes for the partition.
You may also choose from three options for sizing your partition:
- Σταθερό μέγεθος
Χρησιμοποιείστε σταθερό μέγεθος όσο το δυνατόν πλησιέστερο στην τιμή που καταχωρήσατε.
- Fill all space up to
Grow the partition to a maximum size of your choice.
- Γέμισμα στο μέγιστο επιτρεπτό χώρο
Grow the partition until it fills the remainder of the selected disks.
Partition Sizes The actual partition on the disk may be slightly smaller or larger than your choice. Disk geometry issues cause this effect, not an error or bug.
After you enter the details for your partition, select to continue.
- Edit
-
Select this option to edit an existing partition, LVM volume group, or an LVM physical volume that is not yet part of a volume group. To change the size of a LVM physical volume partition, first remove it from any volume groups.
Removing LVM Physical Volumes If you remove an LVM physical volume from a volume group, you erase any logical volumes it contains.
Edit a partition to change its size, mount point, or file system type. Use this function to:
correct a mistake in setting up your partitions
migrate Linux partitions if you are upgrading or reinstalling Fedora Core
provide a mount point for non-Linux partitions such as those used on some Windows operating systems
If you need to make drastic changes to your partition configuration, you may want to delete partitions and start again. If your disk contains data that you need to keep, back it up before you edit any partitions. If you edit the size of a partition, you may lose all data on it.
If your system contains many separate partitions for system and user data, it is easier to upgrade your system. The installation program allows you to erase or retain data on specific partitions. If your user data is on a separate
/homepartition, you can retain that data while erasing system partitions such as/boot. - Delete
-
Select this option to erase an existing partition or LVM physical volume. To delete an LVM physical volume, first delete any volume groups of which that physical volume is a member.
If you make a mistake, use the Reset option to abandon all the changes you have made.
- Επαναφορά
Select this option to force Disk Druid to abandon all changes made to disk partitions.
- RAID
-
Select this option to set up software RAID on your Fedora system.
- Create a software RAID partition
Choose this option to add a partition for software RAID. This option is the only choice available if your disk contains no software RAID partitions.
- Create a RAID device
Choose this option to construct a RAID device from two or more existing software RAID partitions. This option is available if two or more software RAID partitions have been configured.
- Clone a drive to create a RAID device
Choose this option to set up a RAID mirror of an existing disk. This option is available if two or more disks are attached to the system.
- LVM
-
Select this option to set up LVM on your Fedora system. First create at least one partition or software RAID device as an LVM physical volume, using the New dialog.
To assign one or more physical volumes to a volume group, first name the volume group. Then select the physical volumes to be used in the volume group. Finally, configure logical volumes on any volume groups using the Add, Edit and Delete options.
You may not remove a physical volume from a volume group if doing so would leave insufficient space for that group's logical volumes. Take for example a volume group made up of two 5 GB LVM physical volume partitions, which contains an 8 GB logical volume. The installer would not allow you to remove either of the component physical volumes, since that would leave only 5 GB in the group for an 8 GB logical volume. If you reduce the total size of any logical volumes appropriately, you may then remove a physical volume from the volume group. In the example, reducing the size of the logical volume to 4 GB would allow you to remove one of the 5 GB physical volumes.
LVM Unavailable in Text Installs LVM initial set up is not available in a text-mode installation. The installer allows you to edit pre-configured LVM volumes. If you need to create an LVM configuration from scratch, hit Alt-F2 to use the terminal, and run the lvm command. To return to the text-mode installation, hit Alt-F1.
After you finish setting up and reviewing your partition configuration, select Next to continue the installation process.
A boot loader is a small program that reads and launches the operating system. Fedora Core uses the GRUB boot loader by default. If you have multiple operating systems, the boot loader determines which one to boot, usually by offering a menu.
You may have a boot loader installed on your system already. An operating system may install its own preferred boot loader, or you may have installed a third-party boot loader.If your boot loader does not recognize Linux partitions, you may not be able to boot Fedora Core. Use GRUB as your boot loader to boot Linux and most other operating systems. Follow the directions in this chapter to install GRUB.
|
Εγκατάσταση GRUB |
|---|---|
Εάν εγκαταστήσετε GRUB, αυτό μπορεί να επανεγγράψει το ήδη υπάρχον boot loader. |
The following screen displays boot loader configuration options.
By default, the installation program installs GRUB in the master boot record, or MBR, of the device for the root file system. To decline installation of a new boot loader, select No boot loader will be installed.
|
Boot Loader Required |
|---|---|
Your computer must have GRUB or another boot loader installed in order to start, unless you create a separate startup disk to boot from. |
You may need to customize the GRUB installation to correctly support some hardware or system configurations. To specify compatibility settings, select Configure advanced boot loader options. This causes a second screen of options to appear when you choose . Τμήμα 11.4, “Advanced Boot Loader Options” explains the features of the additional screen.
If you have other operating systems already installed, Fedora Core attempts to automatically detect and configure GRUB to boot them. You may manually configure any additional operating systems if GRUB does not detect them. To add, remove, or change the detected operating system settings, use the options provided.
-
Press the button to include an additional operating system in GRUB. Fedora Core displays the dialog shown in Σχήμα 11.2, “Adding Operating Systems to the Boot Menu”.
Select the disk partition which contains the bootable operating system from the drop-down list and give the entry a label. GRUB displays this label in its boot menu.
To change an entry in the GRUB boot menu, select the entry and then select .
To remove an entry from the GRUB boot menu, select the entry and then select .
GRUB reads many file systems without the help of an operating system. An operator can interrupt the booting sequence to choose a different operating system to boot, change boot options, or recover from a system error. However, these functions may introduce serious security risks in some environments. You can add a password to GRUB so that the operator must enter the password to interrupt the normal boot sequence.
|
Συνθηματικά GRUB δεν απαιτούνται |
|---|---|
You may not require a GRUB password if your system only has trusted operators, or is physically secured with controlled console access. However, if an untrusted person can get physical access to your computer's keyboard and monitor, that person can reboot the system and access GRUB. A password is helpful in this case. |
To set a boot password, select the check box. The button will become active. Select to display an entry dialog. Type the desired password, and then confirm it by typing it again in the spaces provided.
|
Choose a Good Password |
|---|---|
Επιλέξτε ένα συνθηματικό που είναι εύκολο για σας να το θυμάστε αλλά δύσκολο για άλλους να το μαντέψουν. |
GRUB stores the password in encrypted
form, so it cannot be read or recovered. If
you forget the boot password, boot the system normally and then
change the password entry in the
/boot/grub/grub.conf file. If you cannot
boot, you may be able to use the "rescue" mode on the first Fedora Core
installation disc to reset the GRUB password.
If you do need to change the GRUB password, use the grub-md5-crypt utility. For information on using this utility, use the command man grub-md5-crypt in a terminal window to read the manual pages.
The default boot options are adequate for most situations. The installation program writes the GRUB boot loader in the master boot record (MBR), overwriting any existing boot loader.
You may keep your current boot loader in the MBR
and install GRUB as a secondary boot loader. If you choose this
option, the installer program will write GRUB to the first sector
of the Linux /boot partition.
|
GRUB as a Secondary Boot Loader |
|---|---|
If you install GRUB as a secondary boot loader, you must reconfigure your primary boot loader whenever you install and boot from a new kernel. The kernel of an operating system such as Microsoft Windows does not boot in the same fashion. Most users therefore use GRUB as the primary boot loader on dual-boot systems. |
You may also need the advanced options if your BIOS enumerates your drives or RAID arrays differently than Fedora Core expects. If necessary, use the dialog to set the order of the devices in Fedora Core to match your BIOS.
On a few systems, Fedora Core may not configure the disk drive geometry for large disks correctly because of limitations within the BIOS. To work around this problem, mark the check box.
The Linux kernel usually auto-detects its environment correctly, and no additional kernel parameters are needed. However, you may provide any needed kernel parameter using the advanced boot loader options.
|
Kernel Parameters |
|---|---|
For a partial list of the kernel command line parameters, type
the following command in a terminal window: |
To alter any of these settings, mark the check box. Select and the menu shown in Σχήμα 11.3, “Advanced Boot Options” appears.
|
Προαιρετικός κατάλογος |
|---|---|
Fedora Core displays the following advanced boot options menu only if the advanced configuration check box described above has been selected. |
Use this screen to customize the network settings of your Fedora system.
Manual network configuration of a Fedora system is often not required. Many networks have a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) service that automatically supplies connected systems with configuration data. By default, Fedora Core activates all network interfaces on your computer and configures them to use DHCP.
Fedora displays a list of network interfaces detected on your computer. Each interface must have a unique IP address on the network to which it is attached. The interface may receive this address from the network DHCP service.
To manually assign an IP address, highlight the interface on the Network Device list and select . Fedora then displays a network configuration dialog. Deselect the Configure using DHCP check box, so that it is empty. Enter the IP Address and the appropriate Netmask for the interface. Then select .
Εάν ο υπολογιστής σας πρόκειται να χρησιμοποιηθεί ως διακομιστής, μη χρησιμοποιείτε DHCP. Διαμορφώστε χειρωνακτικά τη σύνδεση στο δίκτυο. Χειρωνακτική διαμόρφωση του δικτύου επιτρέπει στο διακομιστή σας να συνδεθεί στο τοπικό δίκτυο ακόμη και αν ο πάροχος είναι απενεργοποιημένος.
Specify whether an interface should be automatically activated at boot time with the Active on Boot check box for that device. You may manually activate a network interface at any time after the system has booted.
On some networks, the DHCP provider also provides the name of the
computer, or hostname. To specify the
hostname, select Manual and type the complete
name in the box. The complete hostname includes both the name of
the machine and the name of the domain of which it is a member,
such as machine1.example.com. The
machine name (or "short hostname") is
machine1, and the domain name is
example.com.
|
Μη έγκυρα ονόματα συστήματος |
|---|---|
You may give your system any name provided that the full hostname is unique. The hostname may include letters, numbers and hyphens. |
To manually configure a network interface, you may also provide other network settings for your computer. All of these settings are the IP addresses of other systems on the network.
A gateway is the device that provides access to other networks. Gateways are also referred to as routers. If your system connects to other networks through a gateway, enter its IP address in the Gateway box.
Most software relies on the DNS (Domain Name Service) provider to locate machines and services on the network. DNS converts hostnames to IP addresses and vice versa. A Fedora Core system may use more than one DNS server. If the primary DNS server does not respond, the computer sends any query to the secondary DNS server, and so on. To assign DNS servers, type their IP addresses into the Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary DNS Server boxes.
Click once you are satisfied with the network settings for your system.
This screen allows you to specify the correct time zone for the location of your computer. Specify a time zone even if you plan to use NTP (Network Time Protocol) to maintain the accuracy of the system clock.
Fedora displays on the screen two methods for selecting the time zone.
To select a time zone using the map, first place your mouse pointer over your region on the map. Click once to magnify that region on the map. Next, select the yellow dot that represents the city nearest to your location. Once you select a dot, it becomes a red X to indicate your selection.
To select a time zone using the list, select the name of the city nearest to your location. The cities are listed in alphabetical order.
Universal Co-ordinated Time is also known as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
If Fedora Core is the only operating system on your computer, select System clock uses UTC. The system clock is a piece of hardware on your computer system. Fedora Core uses the timezone setting to determine the offset between the local time and UTC on the system clock. This behavior is standard for UNIX-like operating systems.
|
Windows and the System Clock |
|---|---|
Do not enable the System clock uses UTC option if your machine also runs Microsoft Windows. Microsoft operating systems change the BIOS clock to match local time rather than UTC. This may cause unexpected behavior under Fedora Core. |
Select to proceed.
Fedora uses a special account named root for system
administration. The root
account on a Linux system is not subject to most normal account
restrictions. As the system owner or administrator, you may
sometimes require special privileges to configure or modify the
system. In those cases, use the root account.
|
Χρήση του λογαριασμού root
|
|---|---|
Avoid logging in to Fedora Core as |
The Fedora installation program requires the root password to be at least six characters
long. Because the root
account may potentially control any part of the system, use the
following guidelines to create a good password:
Χρησιμοποιείστε ένα συνδιασμό κεφαλαίων γραμμάτων, μικρών γραμμάτων, αριθμών, σημείων στίξης και άλλων χαρακτήρων.
Μη χρησιμοποιείτε λέξη ή όνομα. Η απόκρυψη της λέξης ή του ονόματος με αντικατάσταση χαρακτήρων δεν είναι αποτελεσματική.
Do not use the same password for more than one system.
Τα επόμενα είναι παραδείγματα ασφαλών κωδικών:
f9*@1Ls99AHL8$391%%rbIwtb,10^th
Enter the root password
into the Root Password field. Fedora displays
the characters as asterisks for security. Type the same password
into the Confirm field to ensure it is set
correctly.
After you set the root password, select to proceed.
By default, the Fedora installation process loads a selection of software that is suitable for a desktop system.
Για την εισαγωγή ή διαγραφή λογισμικού σε κοινές εργασίες, επιλέξτε τους σχετικούς τίτλους από τη λίστα:
- Office and Productivity
Αυτή η επιλογή παρέχει την σουίτα παραγωγικότητας του OpenOffice.org, την εφαρμογή διαχείρησης του Έργου Planner, γραφικά εργαλεία όπως το GIMP, και εφαρμογές πολυμέσων.
- Software Development
This option provides the necessary tools to compile software on your Fedora system.
- Web server
This option provides the Apache Web server.
You can define additional repositories to increase the software available to your system during installation. A repository is a network location that stores software packages along with metadata that describes them. Many of the software packages used in Fedora require other software to be installed. The installer uses the metadata to ensure that these requirements are met for every piece of software you select for installation.
The Fedora Extras software repository contains thousands of additional packages you can add at installation time if desired. To add the Fedora Extras software repository to the installation program, select Fedora Extras from the repository listing. Fedora Extras is already defined in the installation program and requires no further input. For more information about Fedora Extras, refer to the Release Notes or http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Extras.
|
Fedora Extras and Network Connectivity |
|---|---|
Η επιλογή εναποθετηρίου των Fedora Extras είναι διαθέσιμη εάν ο υπολογιστής σας έχει σύνδεση στο διαδίκτυο. |
To include software from repositories other than Fedora Core and Fedora Extras, select Add additional software repositories. The following list includes examples of ways you can use this option.
-
Εγκαταστείστε την τελευταία έκδοση λογισμικού της Fedora. If you provide the location of a repository of updates for Fedora Core, your system will have the most recent versions of Core software. You will not need to peform a system update immediately after installation to get these updates. This usage is ideal if you are installing over the Internet or any network where bandwidth is a concern.
Upgrading and Updates Package updates during the release cycle of a single verison of Fedora Core are intended to upgrade only that version. If you are upgrading a previous version of Fedora Core, you may encounter problems if you include an update repository during this step. Problems are less likely when performing a fresh installation.
Εγκατάσταση Third-party λογισμικού. You may provide the location of a repository of third-party software. Depending on the configuration of that repository, you may be able to select non-Fedora software during installation.
If you select Add additional software repositories, the following dialog appears:
Provide a name for the repository and the URL for its location. Here are some URLs for listings of specific Fedora software repository mirrors.
Fedora Core Updates - http://fedora.redhat.com/download/mirrors/updates-released-fc6
Fedora Extras - http://fedora.redhat.com/download/mirrors/fedora-extras-6
The URLs above provide a list of actual mirrors. You cannot use
them verbatim in the Add repository dialog.
Visit the URL for a list of actual repository locations. If you
see the text $ARCH in the URL, substitute your
system's architecture. See Κεφάλαιο 2, Understanding i386 and Other Computer Architectures for more information on
architectures.
Once you provide information for an additional repository, the installer reads the package metadata over the network. Software that is specially marked is then included in the package group selection system. See Τμήμα 15.2, “Εξατομίκευση της επιλογής λογισμικού” for more information on selecting packages.
|
Επαναφορά διαγράφει καταχωρημένα δεδομένα του αποθετηρίου |
|---|---|
If you choose Back from the package selection screen, any extra repository data you may have entered is lost. This allows you to effectively cancel extra repositories. Currently there is no way to cancel only a single repository once entered. |
Select Customize now to specify the software packages for your final system in more detail. This option causes the installation process to display an additional customization screen when you select .
|
Installing Support for Additional Languages |
|---|---|
Select Customize now to install support for additional languages. Refer to Τμήμα 15.2.2, “Additional Language Support” for more information on configuring language support. |
H Fedora διαιρεί το λογισμικό της σε ομάδες πακέτων. Για ευκολία χρήσης, η οθόνη επιλογής πακέτων κατατάσσει αυτές τις ομάδες σε έξι κατηγορίες:
To view the package groups for a category, select the category from the list on the left. The list on the right displays the package groups for the currently selected category.
To specify a package group for installation, select the check box next to the group. The box at the bottom of the screen displays the details of the package group that is currently highlighted. None of the packages from a group will be installed unless the check box for that group is selected.
Εάν επιλέξετε μία ομάδα πακέτου, η Fedora αυτόματα θα εγκαταστήσει το βασικό καθώς και τα απαραίτητα εκείνα πακέτα για τη συγκεκριμένη ομάδα. Αλλαγή των προαιρετικών πακέτων που πρόκειται να εγκατασταθούν στην επιλεγμένη ομάδα μπορεί να γίνει με την επιλογή κάτω από την περιγραφή της ομάδας. Στη συνέχεια χρησιμοποιείστε το τετράγωνο επιλογής δίπλα στο συγκεκριμένο τίτλο πακέτου για να μεταβάλλετε την επιλογή του.
After you choose the desired packages, select Next to proceed. Fedora Core checks your selection, and automatically adds any extra packages required to use the software you select.
The packages that you select are not permanent. After you boot your system, use the pirut tool to either install new software or remove installed packages. To run this tool, from the main menu, select → . The Fedora software management system downloads the latest packages from network servers, rather than using those on the installation discs.
Your Fedora Core system automatically supports the language that you selected at the start of the installation process. To include support for additional languages, select the package group for those languages from the Languages category.
All Fedora Core installations include the following network services:
κεντρική καταγραφή διαμέσου syslog
email through SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
network file sharing through NFS (Network File System)
remote access through SSH (Secure SHell)
διαφήμιση πόρων διαμέσου mDNS (multicast DNS)
The default installation also provides:
network file transfer through HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
printing through CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System)
remote desktop access through VNC (Virtual Network Computing)
Some automated processes on your Fedora system use the email service to send reports and messages to the system administrator. By default, the email, logging, and printing services do not accept connections from other systems. Fedora installs the NFS sharing, HTTP, and VNC components without enabling those services.
You may configure your Fedora system after installation to offer email, file sharing, logging, printing and remote desktop access services. The SSH service is enabled by default. You may use NFS to access files on other systems without enabling the NFS sharing service.
No changes are made to your computer until you click the Next button. If you abort the installation process after that point, the Fedora Core system will be incomplete and unusable. To return to previous screens to make different choices, select Back. To abort the installation, turn off the computer.
|
Εγκατάλειψη εγκατάστασης |
|---|---|
In certain situations, you may be unable to return to previous screens. Fedora Core notifies you of this restriction and allows you to abort the installation program. You may reboot with the installation media to start over. |
Click Next to begin the installation.
Fedora Core reports the installation progress on the screen as it writes the selected packages to your system. Network and DVD installations require no further action. If you are using CDs to install, Fedora Core prompts you to change discs periodically. After you insert a disc, select to resume the installation.
After installation completes, select to restart your computer. Fedora Core ejects any loaded discs before the computer reboots.
The Setup Agent launches the first time that you start a new Fedora Core system. Use Setup Agent to configure the system for use before you log in.
Select to start the Setup Agent.
|
Απαιτείται διεπαφή γραφικών |
|---|---|
Το Εργαλείο Ρύθμισης απαιτεί γραφική διεπαφή. Εάν δεν έχει εγκατασταθεί κάποια, ή εάν η Fedora παρουσιάζει πρόβλημα στην ενεργοποίησή της, μπορεί να δείτε μία ελαφρώς διαφορετική οθόνη ρύθμισης. |
This screen displays the overall licensing terms for Fedora Core. Each software package in Fedora Core is covered by its own license which has been approved by the Open Source Initiative (OSI). For more information about the OSI, refer to http://www.opensource.org/.
To proceed, select Yes, I agree to the License Agreement and then select .
The firewall built into Fedora Core checks every incoming and outgoing network connection on your machine against a set of rules. These rules specify which types of connections are permitted and which are denied.
By default the firewall is enabled, with a simple set of rules that allow connections to be made from your system to others, but permit only network browsing and SSH (Secure SHell) connections from other systems. You may make changes on this screen to allow access to specific network services on your Fedora system.
To enable access to the services listed on this screen, click the check box next to the service name.
|
SSH Provides Immediate Remote Access |
|---|---|
All Fedora systems automatically run the SSH remote access
service, and the default firewall configuration allows
connections to this service. The default configuration ensures
that administrators have immediate remote access to new systems
through the user and |
To enable access to other services, select Other ports, and the details. Use the Port(s) field to specify either the port number, or the registered name of the service. Select the relevant Protocol from the drop-down. The majority of services use the TCP protocol.
|
The Services List |
|---|---|
Το αρχείο |
If a service uses more than one port number, enter each port. For
example, an IMAP service enables users to access their e-mail from
another system through TCP port 143. To permit IMAP connections
to your system, add imap or port number
143.
Avoid disabling the firewall. If you believe that it is necessary to do so, select No firewall.
|
Changing the Firewall Settings |
|---|---|
To change these settings later, choose → → . |
The SELinux (Security Enhanced Linux) framework is part of Fedora Core. SELinux limits the actions of both users and programs by enforcing security policies throughout the operating system. Without SELinux, software bugs or configuration changes may render a system more vulnerable. The restrictions imposed by SELinux policies provide extra security against unauthorized access.
Inflexible SELinux policies might inhibit many normal activities on a Fedora system. For this reason, Fedora Core uses targeted policies, which only affect specific network services. These services cannot perform actions that are not part of their normal functions. The targeted policies reduce or eliminate any inconvenience SELinux might cause users. Set the SELinux mode to one of the following:
- Enforcing
Select this mode to use the targeted SELinux policy on your Fedora system. This is the default mode for Fedora installations.
- Permissive
In this mode, the system is configured with SELinux, but a breach of security policies only causes an error message to appear. No activities are actually prohibited when SELinux is installed in this mode. You may change the SELinux mode to Enforcing at any time after booting.
- Disabled
If you choose this mode for SELinux, Fedora does not configure the access control system at all. To make SELinux active later, select → → .
To adjust SELinux, choose Modify SELinux Policy. To exempt a key service from SELinux restrictions, select the service from the list, and choose the Disable SELinux protection option. The SELinux Service Protection item on the list includes options to disable SELinux restrictions on additional services.
|
Changing the SELinux policy |
|---|---|
SELinux is unique in that it cannot be bypassed, even by the system administrators. To change the behavior of SELinux after installation, choose → → . |
For more information about SELinux, refer to the SELinux FAQ at http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/selinux-faq/.
If your system does not have Internet access or a network time server, manually set the date and time for your system on this screen. Otherwise, use NTP (Network Time Protocol) servers to maintain the accuracy of the clock. NTP provides time synchronization service to computers on the same network. The Internet contains many computers that offer public NTP services.
The initial display enables you to set the date and time of your system manually.
Select the Network Time Protocol tab to configure your system to use NTP servers instead.
|
Ρύθμιση ωρολογίου |
|---|---|
To change these settings later, choose → → . |
To configure your system to use network time servers, select the Enable Network Time Protocol option. This option disables the settings on the Date and Time tab and enables the other settings on this screen.
By default, Fedora Core is configured to use three separate groups, or pools, of time servers. Time server pools create redundancy, so if one time server is unavailable, your system synchronizes with another server.
To use an additional time server, select Add, and type the DNS name of the server into the box. To remove a server or server pool from the list, select the name and click Delete.
If the hardware clock in your computer is highly inaccurate, you may turn off your local time source entirely. To turn off the local time source, select Show advanced options and then deselect the Use Local Time Source option. If you turn off your local time source, the NTP servers take priority over the internal clock.
If you enable the Enable NTP Broadcast advanced option, Fedora Core attempts to automatically locate time servers on the network.
Create a user account for yourself with this screen. Always use
this account to log in to your Fedora Core system, rather than using the
root account.
Enter a user name and your full name, and then enter your chosen password. Type your password once more in the Confirm Password box to ensure that it is correct. Refer to Κεφάλαιο 14, Set the Root Password for guidelines on selecting a secure password.
|
Creating Extra User Accounts |
|---|---|
To add additional user accounts to your system after the installation is complete, choose → → . |
To configure Fedora Core to use network services for authentication or user information, select .
The Setup Agent automatically attempts to identify the sound card in your computer.
Click the play button to check the sound card configuration. If the configuration is correct, Fedora plays a sound sequence. You may adjust the volume with the slidebar. The Repeat option causes the sound to play until the option is unselected, to assist you in tuning your system.
Εάν η κάρτα ήχου σας έχει αναγνωριστεί, αλλά δεν αντιλαμβάνεστε ήχο, ελέγξτε τα ηχεία σας και προσπαθείστε ξανά. Σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις, μπορεί να χρειαστεί να μεταβάλλετε τις επιπρόσθετες ρυθμίσεις ώστε να λάβετε την κάλλιστη ποιότητα ήχου.
A sound card may provide multiple audio input and output devices. To change the Default PCM device, select a new option from the drop-down list. By default, audio applications connect to a software mixer that manages the PCM devices. To enable applications to bypass the software mixer, select the option to Disable software mixing.
You may manually configure a Fedora Core system to use unsupported sound cards after the installation process is complete. Manual sound hardware configuration is beyond the scope of this document.
|
Changing the Sound Card |
|---|---|
Fedora automatically attempts to detect a new sound card if you add one to your system. If you need to launch the detection process manually, choose → → . |
After you configure the sound card, select Finish to proceed to the login screen. Your Fedora Core system is now ready for use.
|
Update Your System |
|---|---|
To ensure the security of your system, run a package update after the installation completes. Κεφάλαιο 19, Your Next Steps explains how to update your Fedora system. |
Fedora provides you with a complete operating system with a vast range of capabilities, supported by a large community.
The Fedora Project releases updated software packages for Fedora Core throughout the support period of each version. Updated packages add new features, improve reliability, resolve bugs, or remove security vulnerabilities. To ensure the security of your system, update regularly, and as soon as possible after a security announcement is issued. Refer to Τμήμα 19.2, “Εγγραφή στις Fedora Αναγγελίες και Νέα” for information on the Fedora announcements services.
A new update applet, called puplet, reminds you of updates when they are available. The puplet applet is installed by default in Fedora Core. It checks for software updates from all configured repositories, and runs as a background service. It generates a notification message on the desktop if updates are found, and you can click the message to update your system's software.
To update your system with the latest packages manually, use the Software Updater:
Choose → → .
Όταν σας ζητηθεί, εισάγετε το
rootσυνθηματικό.Review the list of updated packages. The package list displays a double arrow next to any updates that require a system reboot to take effect.
Click to begin the update process.
If one or more updates require a system reboot, the update process displays a dialog with the option to . Either select this option to reboot the system immediately, or it and reboot the system at a more convenient time.
To update packages from the command-line, use the yum utility. Type this command to begin a full update of your system with yum:
su -c 'yum update'
Enter the root password
when prompted.
Refer to http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/yum/ for more information on yum.
|
Network Connection Required |
|---|---|
Ensure that your system has an active network connection before you run the Software Updater, or the yum utility. The update process downloads information and packages from a network of servers. |
If your Fedora system has a permanent network connection, you may choose to enable daily system updates. To enable automatic updates, follow the instructions on the webpage http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/yum/sn-updating-your-system.html.
Αν επιθυμείτε να λαμβάνετε πληροφορίες για ανανεώσεις προγραμμάτων, εγγραφείτε στη λίστα μηνυμάτων για αναγγελίες ή στις καταχωρήσεις RSS.
- Λίστα μηνυμάτων αναγγελιών του Έργου Fedora
https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/fedora-announce-list
- Καταχωρήσεις RSS του Έργου Fedora
The announcements mailing list also provides you with news on the Fedora Project, and the Fedora community.
|
Security Announcements |
|---|---|
Announcements with the keyword [SECURITY] in the title identify package updates that resolve security vulnerabilities. |
Members of the Fedora community provides support through mailing lists, Web forums and Linux User Groups (LUGs) across the world.
The Web site for the formally endorsed forums is http://forums.fedoraforum.org/.
The following resources provide information on many aspects of Fedora:
- The FAQ on the Fedora Project website
- The documents available from the Fedora Documentation Project Web site
- The Linux Documentation Project (LDP)
- Η τεκμηρίωση του Red Hat Enterprise Linux, μεγάλο μέρος της οποίας ισχύει και για τη Fedora
Many other organizations and individuals also provide tutorials and HOWTOs for Fedora on their Web sites. You can locate information on any topic by using Google's Linux search site, located at http://www.google.com/linux.
The Fedora Project is driven by the individuals that contribute to it. Community members provide support and documentation to other users, help to improve the software included in Fedora Core by testing, and develop new software alongside the programmers employed by Red Hat. The results of this work are available to all.
To make a difference, start here:
The Fedora installation system includes a range of functions and
options for administrators. To use boot options, enter
linux at
the
optionboot:
prompt.
If you specify more than one option, separate each of the options by a single space. For example:
linux επιλογή 1 επιλογή 2 επιλογή 3
|
Rescue Mode |
|---|---|
The Fedora installation and rescue discs may either boot with rescue mode, or load the installation system. For more information on rescue discs and rescue mode, refer to Τμήμα A.6.2, “Booting Your Computer with the Rescue Mode”. |
You can use the
boot:
prompt to specify a number of settings for the installation
system, including:
γλώσσα
ανάλυση οθόνης
τύπος διεπαφής
Μέθοδος εγκατάστασης
ρυθμίσεις δικτύου
To set the language for both the installation process and the
final system, specify the ISO code for that language with the
lang option. Use the keymap
option to configure the correct keyboard layout.
For example, the ISO codes el_GR and
gr identify the Greek language and the
Greek keyboard layout:
linux lang=el_GR keymap=gr
You may force the installation system to use the lowest possible
screen resolution (640x480) with the lowres
option. To use a specific display resolution, enter
resolution=
as a boot option. For example, to set the display resolution to
1024x768, enter:
setting
linux resolution=1024x768
To run the installation process in
text mode, enter:
linux text
Για την ενεργοποίηση υποστήριξης εισάγετε serial ως επιπρόσθετη επιλογή.
Χρησιμοποιείστε την επιλογή askmethod για να εμφανίσετε επιπρόσθετους καταλόγους που σας δίνουν τη δυνατότητα να καθορίσετε τη μέθοδο εγκατάστασης και τις ρυθμίσεις του δικτύου σας. Μπορείτε επίσης να ρυθμίσετε τη μέθοδο εγκατάστασης και τις ρυθμίσεις δικτύου στην ίδια την ένδειξη boot:.
Για τον καθορισμό της μεθόδου εγκατάστασης από την ένδειξη boot:, χρησιμοποιείστε την επιλογή method. Ανατρέξτε στο Πίνακας A.1, “Μέθοδοι εγκατάστασης” για τις υποστηριζόμενες μεθόδους εγκατάστασης.
By default, the installation system uses DHCP to automatically
obtain the correct network settings. To manually configure the
network settings yourself, either enter them in the
Configure TCP/IP screen, or at the
boot:
prompt. You may specify the ip address,
netmask, gateway, and
dns server settings for the installation system
at the prompt. If you specify the network configuration at the
boot:
prompt, these settings are used for the installation process,
and the Configure TCP/IP screen does not
appear.
This example configures the network settings for an installation
system that uses the IP address
192.168.1.10:
linux ip=192.168.1.10 netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.168.1.1 dns=192.168.1.2,192.168.1.3
|
Configuring the Installed System |
|---|---|
Use the Network Configuration screen to specify the network settings for the new system. Refer to Κεφάλαιο 12, Network Configuration for more information on configuring the network settings for the installed system. |
You may access either graphical or text interfaces for the installation system from any other system. Access to a text mode display requires telnet, which is installed by default on Fedora systems. To remotely access the graphical display of an installation system, use client software that supports the VNC (Virtual Network Computing) display protocol. A number of providers offer VNC clients for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS, as well as UNIX-based systems.
|
Installing a VNC Client on Fedora |
|---|---|
Fedora includes vncviewer, the client
provided by the developers of VNC. To obtain
vncviewer, install the
|
The installation system supports two methods of establishing a VNC connection. You may start the installation, and manually login to the graphical display with a VNC client on another system. Alternatively, you may configure the installation system to automatically connect to a VNC client on the network that is running in listening mode.
To enable remote graphical access to the installation system, enter two options at the prompt:
linux vnc vncpassword=qwerty
The vnc option enables the VNC service. The
vncpassword option sets a password for remote
access. The example shown above sets the password as
qwerty.
|
Συνθηματικά VNC |
|---|---|
Τα συνθηματικά VNC πρέπει να αποτελούνται από έξι τουλάχιστον χαρακτήρες. |
Specify the language, keyboard layout and network settings for the installation system with the screens that follow. You may then access the graphical interface through a VNC client. The installation system displays the correct connection setting for the VNC client:
Starting VNC...
The VNC server is now running.
Please connect to computer.mydomain.com:1 to begin the install...
Starting graphical installation...
Press <enter> for a shell
You may then login to the installation system with a VNC client.
To run the vncviewer client on Fedora,
choose → → , or type the command
vncviewer in a terminal window. Enter
the server and display number in the VNC
Server dialog. For the example above, the
VNC Server is
computer.mydomain.com:1.
To have the installation system automatically connect to a VNC
client, first start the client in
listening mode. On Fedora systems, use the
-listen option to run
vncviewer as a listener. In a
terminal window, enter the command:
vncviewer -listen
|
Firewall Reconfiguration Required |
|---|---|
By default, vncviewer uses TCP port
5500 when in listening mode. To permit connections to this
port from other systems, choose → → . Select
Other ports, and
. Enter |
Once the listening client is active, start the installation
system and set the VNC options at the
boot:
prompt. In addition to vnc and
vncpassword options, use the
vncconnect option to specify the name or IP
address of the system that has the listening client. To specify
the TCP port for the listener, add a colon and the port number
to the name of the system.
For example, to connect to a VNC client on the system
desktop.mydomain.com
on the port 5500, enter the following at the
boot:
prompt:
linux vnc vncpassword=qwerty vncconnect=desktop.mydomain.com:5500
To enable remote access to a text mode installation, use the
telnet option at the
boot:
prompt:
linux text telnet
You may then connect to the installation system with the telnet utility. The telnet command requires the name or IP address of the installation system:
telnet computer.mydomain.com
|
Telnet Access Requires No Password |
|---|---|
To ensure the security of the installation process, only use
the |
By default, the installation process sends log messages to the console as they are generated. You may specify that these messages go to a remote system that runs a syslog service.
To configure remote logging, add the syslog
option. Specify the IP address of the logging system, and the UDP
port number of the log service on that system. By default, syslog
services that accept remote messages listen on UDP port 514.
For example, to connect to a syslog service on the system
192.168.1.20, enter
the following at the
boot:
prompt:
linux syslog=192.168.1.20:514
Fedora uses syslogd to provide a syslog service. The default configuration of syslogd rejects messages from remote systems.
|
Only Enable Remote Syslog Access on Secured Networks |
|---|---|
Η υπηρεσία syslogd δεν περιλαμβάνει μέτρα ασφάλειας. Crackers θα μπορούν να επιβραδύνουν ή να απενεργοποιήσουν συστήματα τα οποία επιτρέπουν την πρόσβαση στην υπηρεσία καταγραφής, αποστέλλοντας μεγάλες ποσότητες ψευδών μηνυμάτων καταγραφής. Επιπλέον, εχθρικοί χρήστες θα μπορούν να υποκλέψουν ή να αλλοιώσουν μηνύματα απεσταλμένα στην υπηρεσία καταγραφής διαμέσου του δικτύου. |
To configure a Fedora system to accept log messages from other
systems on the network, edit the file
/etc/sysconfig/syslog. You must use
root privileges to
edit the file /etc/sysconfig/syslog. Add
the option -r to the
SYSLOGD_OPTIONS:
SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-m 0 -r"
Restart the syslogd service to apply the change:
su -c '/sbin/service syslog restart'
Enter the root
password when prompted.
|
Firewall Reconfiguration Required |
|---|---|
By default, the syslog service listens on UDP port 514. To
permit connections to this port from other systems, choose
→ → . Select
Other ports, and
. Enter |
A Kickstart file specifies settings for an installation. Once the installation system boots, it can read a Kickstart file and carry out the installation process without any further input from a user.
|
Every Installation Produces a Kickstart File |
|---|---|
The Fedora installation process automatically writes a Kickstart
file that contains the settings for the installed system. This
file is always saved as
|
Fedora includes a graphical application to create and modify
Kickstart files by selecting the options that you require. Use the
package system-config-kickstart to install
this utility. To load the Fedora Kickstart editor, choose
→ → .
Kickstart files list installation settings in plain text, with one option per line. This format lets you modify your Kickstart files with any text editor, and write scripts or applications that generate custom Kickstart files for your systems.
Για την αυτοματοποίηση της διαδικασίας εγκατάστασης με ένα αρχείο Kickstart, χρησιμοποιείστε την επιλογή ks για να καθορίσετε το όνομα και τη θέση του αρχείου στο δίσκο:
linux ks=location/kickstart-file.cfg
You may use Kickstart files that are held on either removable storage, a hard drive, or a network server. Refer to Πίνακας A.2, “Πόροι Kickstart” for the supported Kickstart sources.
| Πόρος Kickstart | Option Format |
|---|---|
|
Οδηγός CD ή DVD |
|
|
Hard Drive |
|
|
Other Device |
|
|
HTTP Server |
|
|
FTP Server |
|
|
NFS Server |
|
Πίνακας A.2. Πόροι Kickstart
To obtain a Kickstart file from a script or application on a Web
server, specify the URL of the application with the
ks= option. If you add the option
kssendmac, the request also sends HTTP headers to
the Web application. Your application can use these headers to
identify the computer. This line sends a request with headers to
the application
http://server.mydomain.com/kickstart.cgi:
linux ks=http://server.mydomain.com/kickstart.cgi kssendmac
By default, Fedora attempts to automatically detect and configure support for all of the components of your computer. Fedora supports the majority of hardware in common use with the software drivers that are included with the operating system. To support other devices you may supply additional drivers during the installation process, or at a later time.
The installation system can load drivers from disks, pen drives, or network servers to configure support for new devices. After the installation is complete, remove any driver disks and store them for later use.
Hardware manufacturers may supply driver disks for Fedora with the device, or provide image files to prepare the disks. To obtain the latest drivers, download the correct file from the website of the manufacturer.
|
Driver Disks Supplied as Zipped Files |
|---|---|
Driver disk images may be distributed as compressed archives,
or zip files. For identification, the names of zip files
include the extensions |
To format a disk or pen drive with an image file, use the
dd utility. For example, to prepare a
diskette with the image file drivers.img,
enter this command in a terminal window:
dd if=drivers.img of=/dev/fd0
To use a driver disk in the installation process, specify the
dd option at the
boot:
prompt:
linux dd
When prompted, select to provide a driver disk. Choose the drive that holds the driver disk from the list on the Driver Disk Source text screen.
The installation system can also read drivers from disk images that are held on network servers. Refer to Πίνακας A.3, “Driver Disk Image Sources” for the supported sources of driver disk image files.
For some models of device automatic hardware configuration may fail, or cause instability. In these cases, you may need to disable automatic configuration for that type of device, and take additional steps to manually configure the device after the installation process is complete.
|
Ελέγξτε τις Σημειώσεις Κυκλοφορίας |
|---|---|
Refer to the Release Notes for information on known issues with specific devices. |
To override the automatic hardware detection, use one or more of the following options:
| Ρύθμιση συμβατότητας | Επιλογή |
|---|---|
|
Disable all hardware detection |
|
|
Απενεργοποίηση ανίχνευσης γραφικών, πληκτολογίου, και ποντικιού |
|
|
Απενεργοποίηση αυτόματης ανίχνευσης οθόνης (DDC) |
|
|
Απενεργοποίηση κύριας πλατφόρμας APIC |
|
|
Απενεργοποίηση διαχείρησης ισχύος (ACPI) |
|
|
Απενεργοποίηση Άμεσης ΠρόσβασηςΜνήμης (DMA) για οδηγούς IDE |
|
|
Disable BIOS-assisted RAID |
|
|
Disable Firewire device detection |
|
|
Απενεργοποίηση ανίχνευσης παράλληλης θύρας |
|
|
Disable PC Card (PCMCIA) device detection |
|
|
Απενεργοποίηση ανίχνευσης συσκευής αποθήκευσης USB |
|
|
Disable all USB device detection |
|
|
Force Firewire device detection |
|
|
Προτροπή χρήστη για διαμόρφωση συσκευής ISA |
|
Πίνακας A.4. Hardware Options
|
Επιπρόσθετη οθόνη |
|---|---|
The |
Faults in memory modules may cause your system to freeze or crash unpredictably. In some cases, memory faults may only cause errors with particular combinations of software. For this reason, you should test the memory of a computer before you install Fedora for the first time, even if it has previously run other operating systems.
To boot your computer in
memory testing mode, enter memtest86 at
the
boot:
prompt. The first test starts immediately. By default,
memtest86 carries out a total of ten tests.
Για τον τερματισμό δοκιμών και επανεκκίνηση του υπολογιστή σας, πιέστε Esc οποιαδήποτε στιγμή.
You may boot a command-line Linux system from either a rescue disc or the first installation disc, without installing Fedora on the computer. This enables you to use the utilities and functions of a running Linux system to modify or repair systems that are already installed on your computer.
The rescue disc starts the rescue mode system by default. To load the rescue system with the first installation disc, enter:
linux rescue
Specify the language, keyboard layout and network settings for the rescue system with the screens that follow. The final setup screen configures access to the existing system on your computer.
By default, rescue mode attaches an existing operating system to
the rescue system under the directory
/mnt/sysimage/.
This document provides a reference for using the Fedora Core installation software, known as anaconda. To learn more about anaconda, visit the project Web page: http://www.fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda.
Both anaconda and Fedora Core systems use a common set of software components. For detailed information on key technologies, refer to the Web sites listed below:
- Boot Loader
Fedora Core uses the GRUB boot loader. Refer to http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/ for more information.
- Disk Partitioning
Fedora Core uses parted to partition disks. Refer to http://www.gnu.org/software/parted/ for more information.
- Διαχείρηση αποθήκευσης
Logical Volume Management (LVM) provides administrators with a range of facilities to manage storage. By default, the Fedora installation process formats drives as LVM volumes. Refer to http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/ for more information.
- Υποστήριξη Ήχου
The Linux kernel used by Fedora Core incorporates ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture). For more information about ALSA, refer to the project Web site: http://www.alsa-project.org/.
- Graphics System
Both the installation system and Fedora Core use the Xorg suite to provide graphical capabilities. Components of Xorg manage the display, keyboard and mouse for the desktop environments that users interact with. Refer to http://www.x.org/ for more information.
- Remote Displays
Fedora Core and anaconda include VNC (Virtual Network Computing) software to enable remote access to graphical displays. For more information about VNC, refer to the documentation on the RealVNC Web site: http://www.realvnc.com/documentation/.
- Διεπαφή γραμμής εκτέλεσης
By default, Fedora Core uses the GNU bash shell to provide a command-line interface. The GNU Core Utilities complete the command-line environment. Refer to http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/bash.html for more information on bash. To learn more about the GNU Core Utilities, refer to http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/.
- Remote System Access
Fedora Core incorporates the OpenSSH suite to provide remote access to the system. The SSH service enables a number of functions, which include access to the command-line from other systems, remote command execution, and network file transfers. During the installation process anaconda may use the scp feature of OpenSSH to transfer crash reports to remote systems. Refer to the OpenSSH Web site for more information: http://www.openssh.com/.
- Έλεγχος εισόδου
SELinux provides Mandatory Access Control (MAC) capabilities that supplement the standard Linux security features. Refer to the SELinux FAQ for more information: http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/selinux-faq/.
- Firewall
The Linux kernel used by Fedora Core incorporates the netfilter framework to provide firewall features. The Netfilter project website provides documentation for both netfilter, and the iptables administration facilities: http://netfilter.org/documentation/index.html.
- Εγκατάσταση λογισμικού
Fedora Core uses yum to manage the RPM packages that make up the system. Refer to http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/yum/ for more information.
- Virtualization
Xen provides the capability to simultaneously run multiple operating systems on the same computer. Fedora Core also includes tools to install and manage the secondary systems on a Fedora host. You may select Xen support during the installation process, or at any time thereafter. Refer to http://www.fedoraproject.org/wiki/Tools/Xen for more information.
Symbols
- κατάσταση rescue, Booting Your Computer with the Rescue Mode
- ομάδες πακέτων, Εξατομίκευση της επιλογής λογισμικού
- σειριακής κονσόλας, Διαμόρφωση διεπαφής
A
- ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture), Other Technical Documentation
- Anaconda, Other Technical Documentation
B
- BIOS (Basic Input/Output System), Εκκίνηση εγκατάστασης
- boot loader, Upgrading Boot Loader Configuration
- (Δείτε Επίσης GRUB)
- upgrading, Upgrading Boot Loader Configuration
D
- DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), Δίκτυο, Network Configuration, Network Devices
- Disk Druid, Disk Druid
- DNS (Domain Name Service), Miscellaneous Settings
- domain name, Computer Hostname
- driver disks, Adding Hardware Support with Driver Disks
E
- ext2 (Δείτε file systems)
- ext3 (Δείτε file system) (Δείτε file systems)
F
- file system, Partition Types
- ext3 , Partition Types
- NTFS , Disk Druid
- vfat , Disk Druid
- file systems
- firewall
- configuring, Firewall
- documentation, Other Technical Documentation
- FOSS (free and open source software), Παρασκήνιο
- free software (Δείτε FOSS)
G
- gateway, Miscellaneous Settings
- GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) (Δείτε UTC)
- GRUB
- configuring, Boot Loader
- (Δείτε Επίσης boot loader)
- documentation, Other Technical Documentation
H
- hostname, Computer Hostname
I
- IP address, Network Devices
K
- Kickstart, Αυτοματοποίηση εγκατάστασης με Kickstart
L
- LVM, Disk Druid
- documentation, Other Technical Documentation
- logical volume, Understanding LVM
- physical volume, Understanding LVM
- volume group, Understanding LVM
- κατανόηση, Understanding LVM
M
- master boot record, Keeping Your Existing Boot Loader Settings, Advanced Boot Loader Options
- memory testing mode, Loading the Memory (RAM) Testing Mode
- modem, Network Devices
- mount point, General Information on Partitions
N
- NFS (Network File System)
- install from, Installation TCP/IP Configuration
- NTFS (Δείτε file system)
- NTP (Network Time Protocol), Time Zone Selection, Date and Time
O
- open source (Δείτε FOSS)
- OpenSSH, Other Technical Documentation
- (Δείτε Επίσης SSH)
- OSI (Open Source Initiative), License Agreement
P
- partition
- /home , Disk Druid
- /root , General Information on Partitions
- adding, Disk Druid
- deleting, Disk Druid
- editing, Disk Druid
- illegal, Disk Druid
- root, General Information on Partitions, Disk Druid
- type, Partition Types
- (Δείτε Επίσης file system)
- PXE (Pre-boot eXecution Environment), Εκκίνηση εγκατάστασης, Booting from the Network using PXE
R
- RAID, Disk Druid
- hardware, Disk Partitioning
- Linux software, Disk Druid
- rescue discs, Booting Your Computer with the Rescue Mode
- root account, Set the Root Password
- router (Δείτε gateway)
S
- scp, Other Technical Documentation
- (Δείτε Επίσης SSH)
- SELinux
- configuring, SELinux
- documentation, Other Technical Documentation
- Setup Agent, First Boot
- Software Updater, Updating Your System
- SSH (Secure SHell)
- documentation, Other Technical Documentation
- firewall configuration, Firewall
- swap partitions, General Information on Partitions
- syslog, Logging to a Remote System During the Installation
T
- Telnet, Enabling Remote Access with Telnet
- text interface, Διαμόρφωση διεπαφής
U
- UTC (Universal Co-ordinated time), Universal Co-ordinated Time (UTC)
V
- vfat (Δείτε file system) (Δείτε file systems)
- VNC (Virtual Network Computing), Enabling Remote Access to the Installation System
- documentation, Other Technical Documentation
- enabling, Enabling Remote Access with VNC
- installing client, Enabling Remote Access to the Installation System
- listening mode, Connecting the Installation System to a VNC Listener
X
- Xen
- documentation, Other Technical Documentation
- Xorg, Other Technical Documentation
Y
- yum, Updating Your System
- documentation, Other Technical Documentation