Grubby? Doesn't Load Initrd
by Stephen Morris
Hi,
I've just done an update which installed kernel 6.0.16 and I forgot
to run grub2-mkconfig, and when I booted from the grub menu's defined in
/boot/grub2/grub.cfg presumably updated by grubby, it did not run
initrd, the grub.cfg file generated by grub2-mkconfig does run initrd.
Is this a defect with grubby?
regards,
Steve
1 year, 3 months
picture stitcher for Fedora?
by ToddAndMargo
Hi All,
FC37
Is there a picture stitcher that works with
Fedora and that does not require a rocked
scientist to use?
Many thanks,
-T
1 year, 3 months
Postfix help
by Sbob
All;
I started setting up a sendmail server, but have now switched to a
sendmail server.
I setup a new Fedora 37 server VM and have taken these steps per
https://fedoramagazine.org/use-postfix-to-get-email-from-your-fedora-system/
1)
# dnf install postfix mailx
2)
# MY_EMAIL_ADDRESS=my_user(a)my_fastmail_domain.com
# MY_EMAIL_PASSWORD=abcdefghijklm #( I entered the actual 'app password'
here
# MY_SMTP_SERVER=smtp.fastmail.com
# MY_SMTP_SERVER_PORT=465
# echo "[$MY_SMTP_SERVER]:$MY_SMTP_SERVER_PORT
$MY_EMAIL_ADDRESS:$MY_EMAIL_PASSWORD" >> /etc/postfix/password_maps
# chmod 600 /etc/postfix/password_maps
# unset MY_EMAIL_PASSWORD
# history -c
3)
updated the main.cf file:
relayhost = [smtp.gmail.com]:587
smtp_tls_security_level = verify
smtp_tls_mandatory_ciphers = high
smtp_tls_verify_cert_match = hostname
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/password_maps
My /etc/postfix/main.cf now looks like this:
# cat /etc/postfix/main.cf
compatibility_level = 3.7
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
command_directory = /usr/sbin
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
data_directory = /var/lib/postfix
mail_owner = postfix
inet_protocols = all
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
relayhost = [smtp.fastmail.com]:465
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
debug_peer_level = 2
debugger_command =
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix
setgid_group = postdrop
html_directory = no
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man
sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/samples
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/README_FILES
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/tls/certs/postfix.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/tls/private/postfix.key
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtp_tls_CApath = /etc/pki/tls/certs
smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
smtp_tls_security_level = verify
meta_directory = /etc/postfix
shlib_directory = /usr/lib64/postfix
smtp_tls_verify_cert_match = hostname
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/password_maps
and my /etc/postfix/password_maps file:
# cat /etc/postfix/password_maps
[smtp.fastmail.com]:465 my_username@my_fastmail_domain.com:abcdefghijkl
when I run a test like this:
# echo 'It worked! 4' | mail -s "Test: $(date)" user(a)somedomain.com
No mail ever shows up,
thanks in advance for any help
1 year, 3 months
Re: Postfix help
by Richard
> Date: Thursday, January 05, 2023 16:53:09 -0700
> From: Sbob <sbob(a)quadratum-braccas.com>
>
>> On 1/5/23 16:44, Richard wrote:
>>
>>> Date: Thursday, January 05, 2023 16:31:49 -0700
>>> From: Sbob<sbob(a)quadratum-braccas.com>
>>>
>>>
>>> when I run a test like this:
>>>
>>> # echo 'It worked! 4' | mail -s "Test: $(date)"user(a)somedomain.com
>>>
>>> No mail ever shows up,
>>
>>
>> Before trying to debug this in more detail, what's in the mail log
>> on your sending server?
>
> I see this for mailx:
>
># mailx
> No mail for root
>
>
> Is there another log to look at?
You seem to have looked for (new) mail for root. You need to look in
the log files. For postfix that's generally /var/log/maillog, but you
may have set it up differently.
[to keep things in sequence, please don't top post.]
1 year, 3 months
Perl Help (Possibly OT)
by Sbob
All;
I have dusted off my perl books, I need a simple mail script to send an
email with a local attachment, I have tried various NET:SMTP examples
but cannot get it to work. Anyone have a working example you can share
of a simple email script that will se my email service credentials and
allow me to attach a zip file to the outgoing email?
Thanks in advance
1 year, 3 months
Xscreensaver forever in F37
by Beartooth
When I first get to my study in the morning, my monitor is not
dark, but still displaying some choice of xscreensaver. It always used to
stop and leave the monitor to rest. How do I get that behavior back?
--
Beartooth Staffwright, Not Quite Clueless Power User
Remember I know little (precious little!) of where up is.
1 year, 3 months
Re: Help with Sendmail setup
by Richard
> Date: Thursday, January 05, 2023 14:50:58 -0700
> From: Sbob <sbob(a)quadratum-braccas.com>
>
>
> Update:
>
> If I run the test command as root, the command completes but the
> mail has not arrived in my inbox, it has been 10min
>
># echo "test" | sendmail -s "test subject" my_user(a)my_domain.com
>#
>
Look in the sending machine's logs. The name you appear to have
defined isn't a FQDN so it may be that the target machine is
rejecting it. There may be other issues, but first you have to see
that it's off your sending server.
You have to start sendmail as root (it drops privileges as necessary)
because of the permissions on various directories that it uses and it
wants to open the privileged port (25) to listen for incoming
connections.
Is there some reason you're trying to use sendmail? Postfix has been
the supported MTA for at least a few years.
1 year, 3 months
Help with Sendmail setup
by Sbob
All;
I have setup a Fedora 37 Server in a VMWare Workstation VM (Fedora 36 host)
I cannot seem to get sendmail working, here are the steps I have taken,
following this guide:
https://tecadmin.net/install-sendmail-on-fedora/
1)
# dnf install sendmail sendmail-cf
2)
Comment out below line in /etc/mail/sendmail.mc to allow receiving email
from anywhere.
To comment a line in sendmail.mc, just put dnl at start of line.
dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtp,Addr=127.0.0.1, Name=MTA')dnl
3)
Add this line also in sendmail.mc above ‘MAILER’ option
FEATURE(`relay_hosts_only')dnl
As of step 3 this is what my sendmail.mc file looks like:
$ cat sendmail.mc
divert(-1)dnl
dnl #
dnl # This is the sendmail macro config file for m4. If you make changes to
dnl # /etc/mail/sendmail.mc, you will need to regenerate the
dnl # /etc/mail/sendmail.cf file by confirming that the sendmail-cf
package is
dnl # installed and then performing a
dnl #
dnl # /etc/mail/make
dnl #
include(`/usr/share/sendmail-cf/m4/cf.m4')dnl
VERSIONID(`setup for linux')dnl
OSTYPE(`linux')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Do not advertize sendmail version.
dnl #
dnl define(`confSMTP_LOGIN_MSG', `$j Sendmail; $b')dnl
dnl #
dnl # default logging level is 9, you might want to set it higher to
dnl # debug the configuration
dnl #
dnl define(`confLOG_LEVEL', `9')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Uncomment and edit the following line if your outgoing mail needs to
dnl # be sent out through an external mail server:
dnl #
dnl define(`SMART_HOST', `smtp.your.provider')dnl
dnl #
define(`confDEF_USER_ID', ``8:12'')dnl
dnl define(`confAUTO_REBUILD')dnl
define(`confTO_CONNECT', `1m')dnl
define(`confTRY_NULL_MX_LIST', `True')dnl
define(`confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES', `True')dnl
define(`PROCMAIL_MAILER_PATH', `/usr/bin/procmail')dnl
define(`ALIAS_FILE', `/etc/aliases')dnl
define(`STATUS_FILE', `/var/log/mail/statistics')dnl
define(`UUCP_MAILER_MAX', `2000000')dnl
define(`confUSERDB_SPEC', `/etc/mail/userdb.db')dnl
define(`confPRIVACY_FLAGS', `authwarnings,novrfy,noexpn,restrictqrun')dnl
define(`confAUTH_OPTIONS', `A')dnl
dnl #
dnl # The following allows relaying if the user authenticates, and disallows
dnl # plaintext authentication (PLAIN/LOGIN) on non-TLS links
dnl #
dnl define(`confAUTH_OPTIONS', `A p')dnl
dnl #
dnl # which realm to use in SASL database (sasldb2)
dnl #
define(`confAUTH_REALM', `mail')dnl
dnl #
dnl # PLAIN is the preferred plaintext authentication method and used by
dnl # Mozilla Mail and Evolution, though Outlook Express and other MUAs do
dnl # use LOGIN. Other mechanisms should be used if the connection is not
dnl # guaranteed secure.
dnl # Please remember that saslauthd needs to be running for AUTH.
dnl #
dnl TRUST_AUTH_MECH(`EXTERNAL DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN')dnl
dnl define(`confAUTH_MECHANISMS', `EXTERNAL GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5
LOGIN PLAIN')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Basic sendmail TLS configuration with self-signed certificate for
dnl # inbound SMTP (and also opportunistic TLS for outbound SMTP).
dnl #
define(`confCACERT_PATH', `/etc/pki/tls/certs')dnl
define(`confCACERT', `/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt')dnl
define(`confSERVER_CERT', `/etc/pki/tls/certs/sendmail.pem')dnl
define(`confSERVER_KEY', `/etc/pki/tls/private/sendmail.key')dnl
define(`confTLS_SRV_OPTIONS', `V')dnl
dnl #
dnl # This allows sendmail to use a keyfile that is shared with OpenLDAP's
dnl # slapd, which requires the file to be readble by group ldap
dnl #
dnl define(`confDONT_BLAME_SENDMAIL', `groupreadablekeyfile')dnl
dnl #
dnl define(`confTO_QUEUEWARN', `4h')dnl
dnl define(`confTO_QUEUERETURN', `5d')dnl
dnl define(`confQUEUE_LA', `12')dnl
dnl define(`confREFUSE_LA', `18')dnl
define(`confTO_IDENT', `0')dnl
dnl # If you're operating in a DSCP/RFC-4594 environment with QoS
dnl define(`confINET_QOS', `AF11')dnl
dnl FEATURE(delay_checks)dnl
FEATURE(`no_default_msa', `dnl')dnl
FEATURE(`smrsh', `/usr/sbin/smrsh')dnl
FEATURE(`mailertable', `hash -o /etc/mail/mailertable.db')dnl
FEATURE(`virtusertable', `hash -o /etc/mail/virtusertable.db')dnl
FEATURE(redirect)dnl
FEATURE(always_add_domain)dnl
FEATURE(use_cw_file)dnl
FEATURE(use_ct_file)dnl
dnl #
dnl # The following limits the number of processes sendmail can fork to
accept
dnl # incoming messages or process its message queues to 20.) sendmail
refuses
dnl # to accept connections once it has reached its quota of child
processes.
dnl #
dnl define(`confMAX_DAEMON_CHILDREN', `20')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Limits the number of new connections per second. This caps the
overhead
dnl # incurred due to forking new sendmail processes. May be useful against
dnl # DoS attacks or barrages of spam. (As mentioned below, a per-IP
address
dnl # limit would be useful but is not available as an option at this
writing.)
dnl #
dnl define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_THROTTLE', `3')dnl
dnl #
dnl # The -t option will retry delivery if e.g. the user runs over his
quota.
dnl #
FEATURE(local_procmail, `', `procmail -t -Y -a $h -d $u')dnl
FEATURE(`access_db', `hash -T<TMPF> -o /etc/mail/access.db')dnl
FEATURE(`blocklist_recipients')dnl
EXPOSED_USER(`root')dnl
dnl #
dnl # For using Cyrus-IMAPd as POP3/IMAP server through LMTP delivery
uncomment
dnl # the following 2 definitions and activate below in the MAILER
section the
dnl # cyrusv2 mailer.
dnl #
dnl define(`confLOCAL_MAILER', `cyrusv2')dnl
dnl define(`CYRUSV2_MAILER_ARGS', `FILE /var/lib/imap/socket/lmtp')dnl
dnl #
dnl # The following causes sendmail to only listen on the IPv4 loopback
address
dnl # 127.0.0.1 and not on any other network devices. Remove the loopback
dnl # address restriction to accept email from the internet or intranet.
dnl #
dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtp,Addr=127.0.0.1, Name=MTA')dnl
dnl #
dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen to port 587 for
dnl # mail from MUAs that authenticate. Roaming users who can't reach their
dnl # preferred sendmail daemon due to port 25 being blocked or
redirected find
dnl # this useful.
dnl #
dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=submission, Name=MSA, M=Ea')dnl
dnl #
dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen to port 465, but
dnl # starting immediately in TLS mode upon connecting. Port 25 or 587
followed
dnl # by STARTTLS is preferred, but roaming clients using Outlook
Express can't
dnl # do STARTTLS on ports other than 25. Mozilla Mail can ONLY use STARTTLS
dnl # and doesn't support the deprecated smtps; Evolution <1.1.1 uses smtps
dnl # when SSL is enabled-- STARTTLS support is available in version 1.1.1.
dnl #
dnl # For this to work your OpenSSL certificates must be configured.
dnl #
dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtps, Name=TLSMTA, M=s')dnl
dnl #
dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen on the IPv6
loopback
dnl # device. Remove the loopback address restriction listen to the network.
dnl #
dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`port=smtp,Addr=::1, Name=MTA-v6, Family=inet6')dnl
dnl #
dnl # enable both ipv6 and ipv4 in sendmail:
dnl #
dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Name=MTA-v4, Family=inet, Name=MTA-v6, Family=inet6')
dnl #
dnl # We strongly recommend not accepting unresolvable domains if you
want to
dnl # protect yourself from spam. However, the laptop and users on computers
dnl # that do not have 24x7 DNS do need this.
dnl #
FEATURE(`accept_unresolvable_domains')dnl
dnl #
dnl FEATURE(`relay_based_on_MX')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Also accept email sent to "localhost.localdomain" as local email.
dnl #
LOCAL_DOMAIN(`localhost.localdomain')dnl
dnl #
dnl # The following example makes mail from this host and any additional
dnl # specified domains appear to be sent from mydomain.com
dnl #
dnl MASQUERADE_AS(`mydomain.com')dnl
dnl #
dnl # masquerade not just the headers, but the envelope as well
dnl #
dnl FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl
dnl #
dnl # masquerade not just @mydomainalias.com, but @*.mydomainalias.com
as well
dnl #
dnl FEATURE(masquerade_entire_domain)dnl
dnl #
dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(localhost)dnl
dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(localhost.localdomain)dnl
dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(mydomainalias.com)dnl
dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(mydomain.lan)dnl
FEATURE(`relay_hosts_only')dnl
MAILER(smtp)dnl
MAILER(procmail)dnl
dnl MAILER(cyrusv2)dnl
4)
Add your PC’s full hostname in this file:
# hostname >> /etc/mail/relay-domains
My hostname is "F37-Sendmail" so my /etc/mail/relay-domains file now
looks like this:
$ cat /etc/mail/relay-domains
F37-Sendmail
5)
Recompile Configuration File
m4 ia a macro processor to compile the Sendmail configuration files.
m4 is stream-based, that is, it doesn’t understand about lines.
# m4 /etc/mail/sendmail.mc > /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
6)
Restart sendmail service:
This step took a long time (60 sec or more) to complete:
# systemctl restart sendmail
7)
Now if I attempt a test I get this:
$ echo "test" | sendmail -s "test subject" my_user(a)my_domain.com
WARNING: RunAsUser for MSP ignored, check group ids (egid=1000, want=51)
can not chdir(/var/spool/clientmqueue/): Permission denied
Program mode requires special privileges, e.g., root or TrustedUser.
Also, a systemctl status shows this:
# systemctl status sendmail
● sendmail.service - Sendmail Mail Transport Agent
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sendmail.service;
disabled; preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2023-01-05 14:16:14 MST; 19min ago
Process: 1015 ExecStartPre=/etc/mail/make (code=exited,
status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 1016 ExecStartPre=/etc/mail/make aliases (code=exited,
status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 1020 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sendmail -bd $SENDMAIL_OPTS
$SENDMAIL_OPTARG (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1025 (sendmail)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 2274)
Memory: 3.4M
CPU: 90ms
CGroup: /system.slice/sendmail.service
└─1025 "sendmail: accepting connections"
Jan 05 14:15:14 F37-Sendmail systemd[1]: Starting sendmail.service -
Sendmail Mail Transport Agent...
Jan 05 14:15:14 F37-Sendmail sendmail[1020]: My unqualified host name
(F37-Sendmail) unknown; sleeping for retry
Jan 05 14:16:14 F37-Sendmail sendmail[1020]: unable to qualify my own
domain name (F37-Sendmail) -- using short name
Jan 05 14:16:14 F37-Sendmail systemd[1]: sendmail.service: Can't open
PID file /run/sendmail.pid (yet?) after start: Operation not permitted
Jan 05 14:16:14 F37-Sendmail sendmail[1025]: starting daemon (8.17.1):
SMTP+queueing@01:00:00
Jan 05 14:16:14 F37-Sendmail systemd[1]: Started sendmail.service -
Sendmail Mail Transport Agent.
Thanks in advance for any help
1 year, 3 months
konsole problems with utf8 characters
by Walter Cazzola
Dear Fedora-ers,
I've an issue that has been haunting me since when I upgraded to Fedora 35
around a year ago. Konsole doesn't print properly some utf8 characters. They
could be those two bytes long. At least I noticed it with flags, fruits,
flowers and other icons that are two bytes long.
The attached screenshot showcases the issue. On the bottom you have a
Konsole instance with two panes. The upper pane shows (by using cat) a file
with the 💔and 💑utf-8 characters. The lower pane shows the same file by using
vim. The window on top shows the same file but using vim in its own GUI
(separate from Konsole). As you can notice vim can display it but not when
launched in Konsole.
Both vim and KDE use DejaVu Sans family (vim uses the monospace version but
the issue is not there since once it is displayed correctly and once not).
Locale says:
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME=en_GB.UTF-8
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY=it_IT.UTF-8
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT=it_IT.UTF-8
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=
that looks correct to me.
I'm using KDE Plasma 5.25.4 on Fedora 35 and Konsole 21.12.2.
I have googled at long and tried several suggestions without success. Any idea
about how to solve it?
Thank you
Walter
--
1 year, 3 months
